Abstract: The embodiments of present invention relates to a signal transmission method and an apparatus. The signal transmission method includes: performing, by a base station, rate matching of a unicast signal according to a multicast/broadcast single frequency network MBSFN reference signal MBSFN RS; and sending, by the base station, the unicast signal to user equipment UE. By means of the signal transmission method and the apparatus, resource usage can be increased, and continuity and effectiveness of performing broadcast multicast related measurement by UE are ensured.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided to facilitate the minimally invasive removal of tissue and to facilitate the direct approach to anesthetizing a body wall of a patient. A pull-type cutting device also is disclosed to introduce an opening into the body wall to provide access for intra-chest surgical interventions, for example a minimally invasive biopsy technique as also described for excising target tissue from within a patient, including a nodule from within the patient's lung.

Abstract: A digital frequency-division phase-locked loop, including a time-to-digital converter (TDC), a digital loop filter (DLF), a digital-controlled oscillator (DCO), a feedback frequency divider (DIV), a sigma-delta modulator (SDM), and a calibration apparatus, where the calibration apparatus compensates for, based on a frequency control word and a frequency-division control word generated by the SDM, a digital signal output by the TDC to obtain a calibration signal. The DLF performs digital filtering on the calibration signal to obtain an oscillator frequency control signal and set the oscillator frequency control signal as an output signal of the DCO.

Abstract: The middle subcarrier of the baseband OFDM signal of each numerology may need to be shifted appropriately with respect to other numerologies to comply with a nested grid. These shifts can be signalled to the UE with an associated overhead. Methods and systems are provided to reduce overhead for OFDM communication. Reduced overhead can translate into increased bandwidth for the system, and/or reduced power/battery consumption in the UE. A transmitter generates an OFDM signal associated with a first subcarrier spacing of a first numerology (?), a middle subcarrier frequency of a set of usable resource blocks (RBs) of the first numerology being offset from a carrier frequency by a first offset having a value (k0,x?) in units of subcarriers, the value of the first offset being defined by a specific formula. The transmitter transmits the OFDM signal according to the first subcarrier spacing and the first offset.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for measuring user quality of experience QoE, where the method includes the following steps: receiving event information sent by a receiving end, where the event information includes condition information for determining a cause for shortage of valid media data in a buffer of the receiving end; determining, according to the condition information, whether the shortage of the valid media data in the buffer of the receiving end is caused by a service system or caused by a user's action; and measuring QoE decrease degrees according to different causes for the shortage of the valid media data in the buffer, respectively.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an information transmission method, a radio equipment controller, a radio equipment, and a base station. The method includes determining, by an REC, that a main line used for communication with a first radio equipment RE is faulty and determining, by the REC, a standby line used for communication with the first RE. The method also includes communicating with the first RE by using the standby line.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for precoding matrix indicator feedback reduce a quantity of bits in the feedback. In the method, a terminal device receive a reference signal from a base station, determines a precoding matrix W in a precoding matrix set corresponding to a rank indication. W satisfies W=W1×W2×W3, W1, W2 and W3 and matrices and respectively corresponding to a first, second and third precoding matrix indicator. None of W1, W2, and W3 is an identity matrix, and the 2M columns in W1 comprise every column in W1×W2. The terminal device transmits the rank indication, the first precoding matrix indicator, the second precoding matrix indicator, and the third precoding matrix indicator to the base station. Therefore, a quantity of to-be-selected vectors is reduced by using a first-stage feedback and a second-stage feedback, thereby reducing calculation complexity of third-stage feedback, and reducing a quantity of bits in the third-stage feedback.

Abstract: An ADC and an analog-to-digital conversion method are provided. The ADC includes: a clock generator, including M transmission gates, where the M transmission gates are configured to receive a first clock signal that is periodically sent and separately perform gating control on the first clock signal, so as to generate M second clock signals, M is an integer that is greater than or equal to 2; M ADC channels that are configured in a time interleaving manner, configured to receive one analog signal and separately perform, under the control of the M second clock signals, sampling and analog-to-digital conversion on the analog signal, so as to obtain M digital signals, where each ADC channel is corresponding to one clock signal of the M second clock signals; and an adder, configured to add the M digital signals together in a digital field, so as to obtain a digital output signal.

Abstract: An RRU channel frequency response difference obtaining method, device, and system are provided. In the method, multiple RRU channel groups are obtained between a BBU and an RRU, and all RRU channels in each RRU channel group are interconnected by using a same bridge. The method includes: separately obtaining, for a first RRU channel and a second RRU channel that are interconnected in any RRU channel group, a first frequency response difference between the first RRU channel and a separate RRU channel and a second frequency response difference between the second RRU channel and the separate RRU channel, where the separate RRU channel is not in the any RRU channel group; and obtaining a frequency response difference between the first RRU channel and the second RRU channel according to the first frequency response difference and the second frequency response difference.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a method for setting a gateway device identity, and a management gateway device. The method includes: acquiring a negotiation packet of a gateway device; acquiring a gateway device priority carried in the negotiation packet; and setting a member identity of the gateway device according to the gateway device priority. According to the method and the device, complexity of selecting an active virtual gateway device or an active virtual forwarding device among multiple gateway devices can be reduced, and the processing efficiency of a service mechanism of traffic load sharing of multiple gateway devices can be enhanced.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a communication method and apparatus applied to a hyper cell. The method includes: sending, by UE, an uplink reference signal; measuring, by a TP in the hyper cell, the uplink reference signal sent by the UE; and updating, by a radio access network controller based on a measurement report from the TP, a TP set that provides a communications service for the UE. According to the embodiments of the present invention, UE load and difficulty in mobility management in a hotspot area are reduced.

Abstract: This application provides a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS) sending method and apparatus. The method includes: implicitly determining, by a terminal device based on obtained uplink grant information and a preset rule, a to-be-sent PTRS and an antenna port for carrying the to-be-sent PTRS, where the antenna port is selected from an antenna port set, and the to-be-sent PTRS is one or more of all available PTRSs; and putting the to-be-sent PTRS on the antenna port, and sending the to-be-sent PTRS on the antenna port. This implicit indication method can effectively reduce air interface signaling overheads and improve air interface efficiency.

Abstract: An uplink data transmission method and apparatus are described. The uplink data transmission method includes receiving a first message including transmission mode information. The transmission mode information indicates that a terminal device is capable of transmitting uplink data by using at least two contention transmission units (CTUs) that are in a same transmission time interval (TTI). The CTU refers to a transmission resource combining: a time, a frequency, and a code domain; a transmission resource combining a time, a frequency, and a pilot; or a transmission resource combining a time, a frequency, a code domain, and a pilot. The uplink data transmitted by using the at least two CTUs is partially the same or totally the same. The method further comprises the terminal device sending a second message including indication information, where the indication information is used to enable the terminal device to determine, according to the indication information, a CTU for uplink data transmission.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application provide a method and an apparatus for compressing a label stack. The method includes: obtaining a first label stack corresponding to a forwarding path, where the first label stack comprises node labels corresponding to each node on the forwarding path; selecting a first node label from the first label stack, where when forwarding a packet, a node corresponding to the first node label is capable of encapsulating at least two layers of labels in the packet; replacing at least two adjacent labels located after the first node label in the first label stack with a first compression label, to generate a second label stack; and instructing a source node on the forwarding path to perform packet processing according to the second label stack. In this way, a length of a label stack pushed into the packet can be shortened.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a method of receiving channel state information (CSI) and an access network device, so as to resolve a technical problem that timely scheduling cannot be implemented due to a relatively long time required for transmitting CSI in a D-RAN architecture. The method includes: receiving, by a first access network device, a notification message sent by a second access network device, where the notification message is used to indicate condition information based on which a terminal device camping on a first cell of the second access network device sends CSI; and receiving, by the first access network device, on a resource determined according to the condition information indicated by the notification message, the CSI sent by the terminal device.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a data transmission method and apparatus, and the method includes: modulating to-be-sent information bits according to a lower order constellation diagram, and generating 4 m lower order modulation symbols; multiplying a precoding matrix Q by a column vector including every four lower order modulation symbols in the 4 m lower order modulation symbols, to obtain 4 m to-be-sent higher order modulation symbols corresponding to a higher order constellation diagram; and respectively and correspondingly sending the 4 m to-be-sent higher order modulation symbols on different carriers of two antennas. The to-be-sent higher order modulation symbols include some or all to-be-sent information bits. Therefore, the same signal can be simultaneously sent on different carriers of multiple antennas, and frequency diversity and space diversity are implemented, so that transceiving performance of data transmission is improved.

Abstract: A multiplexer/demultiplexer and a passive optical network system are provided. The multiplexer/demultiplexer includes N optical multiplexing/demultiplexing modules. The optical multiplexing/demultiplexing modules multiplex signals with different wavelengths from a plurality of ports to a same port, or demultiplex signals with different wavelengths from one port to different ports. The N optical multiplexing/demultiplexing modules correspond to the signals with different wavelengths. In the optical multiplexing/demultiplexing modules, a negative dispersion amount and an insertion loss of an Mth optical multiplexing/demultiplexing module are less than those of an (M+1)th optical multiplexing/demultiplexing module, where N is a positive integer, and M is a positive integer less than or equal to N. The multiplexer/demultiplexer and the passive optical network system increase an optical power budget between an optical transmitter and an optical transceiver.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a data transmission method and system, and a related apparatus. The method in the embodiments of the present application includes: when a network-side data transmission apparatus detects that a terminal is handed over from being served by a source base station to being served by a target base station, determining whether the source base station and the target base station have a wireless network transmission optimization (WNTO) technical capability; and completing transmission of uplink data or downlink data according to each determined WNTO technical capability of the source base station and the target base station, which effectively improves data transmission efficiency in a wireless network.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a data retransmission method, a device, and a system, and relates to the communications field, so as to resolve a prior-art problem that when a device transmits data by using an unlicensed carrier, the data cannot be retransmitted because a channel needs to be preempted again. A specific solution is as follows: A first device transmits data to a second device by using a first carrier, where the first carrier is an unlicensed carrier. The first device obtains status information of the first carrier, where the status information is used to determine whether the first carrier is available. When the first carrier is unavailable, the first device retransmits the data to the second device by using a second carrier, where the first carrier and the second carrier are different carriers. The present invention is used for data retransmission.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a Radio Link Control (RLC) data packet retransmission method and an eNodeB, so as to resolve a technical problem that a throughput of user equipment (UE) is relatively low because of a relatively large retransmission delay caused when a micro eNodeB performs a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) on a data packet. In embodiments of the present invention, if feedback information that is received by a macro eNodeB for an RLC data packet transmitted by a micro eNodeB is a NACK, the macro eNodeB determines whether a HARQ combination gain can be obtained by performing a HARQ on the RLC data packet by the micro eNodeB. If the HARQ combination gain can be obtained, the micro eNodeB retransmits the RLC data packet in a HARQ manner, so that the throughput of UE can be improved.