Abstract: The present invention is a process for preparing lactams having 8 to 15 carbon atoms by the Beckmann rearrangement of the corresponding oximes in a solution of an organic solvent by means of 0.5 to 10% by weight referred to the oxime of an acid derivative acting as a catalyst. The anhydrides of organic sulfonic acids or of sulfuric acid half esters or mixed anhydrides of organic sulfonic acid and anhydrides of sulfuric acid half esters are used as the catalysts.

Abstract: Coating powders for the melt film coating method, based on polyamides and adhesion improving additives. The polyamides are aliphatic homo- and/or copolyamides having at least six carbon atoms containing functional groups consisting of at least 80% of primary, secondary, or mixtures of primary and secondary amino groups. As the adhesion improving additive there is added from 0.1 to 10% by weight referred to the polyamides of an isophoronediisocyanate capped with lactams, an isophoronediisocyanate capped with acetonoxime or an isophoronediisocyanate capped with an oligomer of acetonoxime.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing pulverulent coating compositions pigmented with titanium dioxide and based on polyamides having at least ten aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group using the precipitation method. The titanium dioxide pigments used are without nucleating effects or only have weak nucleating effects on the polyamide precipitation. The pigments have nucleating effects less than or equal to 3.degree. C. where .DELTA.T=(T.sub.max p)-(T.sub.o). T.sub.max p is the maximum temperature at which precipitation takes place in a solution of polyamide having pigment therein and T.sub.o is the maximum temperature at which precipitation takes place in polyamide solution having no pigment therein.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of producing polyester imides of the formula ##STR1## by reacting tetracarboxylic acid dianhydrides of the formula ##STR2## with N,N'-bis(.OMEGA.-hydroxyalkyl)dicarboxylic acid diamides of the formula, HO--Z--NH--CO--B--CO--NH--Z--OH, whereA represents a quadrivalent aromatic group with 6-32 C atoms, wherein up to 40% of A may be replaced by a quadrivalent aliphatic group with up to 16 C atoms,B represents a divalent aliphatic or aromatic group with up to 14 C atoms,Z represents an alkylene group with 2-3 C atoms, andn is a number from 3 to 500.

Abstract: The invention concerns an improved precipitation process in the manufacture of coating powders based on polyamides having at least ten aliphatically bound carbon atoms per carbonamide group. Rapid cooling takes place with stirring mainly by distilling the ethanol solvent until the temperature of precipitation is set in the range from 90.degree. to 113.degree. C. With the beginning of the saturation limit (about 125.degree. C.), the temperature difference between the coolant in the jacket and the solution inside is maintained at most at .+-.3.degree. C. The solution is maintained during the precipitation stage at constant temperature (isothermal procedure) by further distillation of the ethanol.

Abstract: A method for utilizing distillation residues of phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride, which comprises: (a) cooling hot, liquid distillation residues of said phthalic anhydride or maleic anhydride while flowing as a stream in a first organic liquid; (b) comminuting said distillation residues solidifying in said first organic liquid by means of a cutting edge rotating at high rpm to produce a granulate; (c) suspending said granulate in a second organic liquid; and (d) incinerating the suspension or converting the suspension into synthesis gas.

Abstract: The invention relates to hot-vulcanizable tread strips which are produced from novel vulcanizable compositions and from which the treads of pneumatic motor tires can be produced. The vulcanizable compositions are based on a rubber component which includes a special, novel rubber component based on isoprene.The inventive tire treads have an excellent combination of useful properties which can be described by the following set of characteristics:(a) High flexibility of low temperatures, i.e., the elastic rubber state is retained even at temperatures below -30.degree. C. (i.e., good cold-weather properties);(b) High vibration-damping over a wide temperature range, and thus good wet skid resistance (i.e., tread safety);(c) High wear-resistance, and thus long service life (i.e., economic advantages).The tire treads have good all-weather characteristics, and thus the tires may be used year-round.

Abstract: Crude product substituted 1,3-diols obtained by aldolization and subsequent hydrogenation are treated at elevated temperatures with at least sufficient basic additives to reduce the saponification number to zero. Thereupon, the saponified product is reacted with 5 to 30% water and possibly cooled to 1.degree. to 30.degree. C. The aqueous phase is separated mechanically, and following the separation and addition of 5 to 30% water the organic phase is adjusted to a pH of 8.0 to 10.5. A second aqueous phase is removed and, thereupon, the monovalent alcohol is removed by distillation from the second organic phase. Again the pH value of the second organic phase is set at 8.0 to 10.5 and the 1,3-diol is recovered by fractionation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying polyphenylene oxides obtained by interruption of the copper-amine catalyzed polycondensation of di-ortho-substituted phenols, where in said process the reaction mixture is subjected to a "reaction-extraction" (i.e., an extraction which is accompanied by reaction) with water or stream, at a temperature of 60.degree. to 150.degree. C. It is particularly advantageous if the starting mixture in the inventive process comprises a solution of the polyphenylene oxide wherein the reaction has been interrupted by water and CO.sub.2, which solution is mixed into a toluene/water mixture; and further if the "reaction-extraction" is carried out in the presence of an alkanolamine and a stabilizer.

Abstract: A storage-stabile polyurethane resin powder enamel which cures below 170.degree. C., which comprises a polyol in combination with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) which is blocked with a secondary amine having a boiling point of at least 150.degree. C. and which has the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R' are identical or different substituted alkyl groups with substitution in the position alpha to the nitrogen and wherein R and R' together must contain at least 9 carbon atoms, and R and R' together may form a common ring with at least 3 carbon atoms with the carbon atoms optionally interrupted by or substituted by nitrogen and/or oxygen hetero atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to thermoplastic compositions comprising mixtures of(A) 100 parts by wt. polyphenylene ethers;(B) 2-40 parts by wt. polyoctenylene; and(C) the following additives in amounts given as wt. % of the overall molding or forming composition:up to 50 wt. % reinforcing and filling materials;up to 60 wt. % condensation polymers;up to 15 wt. % flame retardants; andup to 5 wt. % other additives.The invention further relates to methods for producing such mixtures in the molten state and in solution.

Abstract: The separation of homozeotropic mixtures of a paraffin or paraffins of 6-14 carbon atoms and an alcohol or alcohols of 4-8 carbon atoms is conducted in two rectification steps. In a first step, rectification is carried out in the presence of water as the azeotropic agent, and the resultant distillate, after condensation, is separated into two liquid phases. The thus-obtained organic phase is rectified in a further step without the addition of water, and the head product consisting of an alcohol/paraffin mixture is recycled into the first step. The paraffin or paraffins and the alcohol or alcohols are obtained in the lower section of the individual rectifying step or steps. The water which may be present in the starting mixture is removed from the cycle. Low-boiling paraffins and/or low-boiling alcohols are suitable as additional azeotropic agents.

Abstract: One-component baking enamels of polyesters, containing hydroxyl groups, and polyisocyanates, wherein the polyisocyanate component consists of 2-methyl-1,5-diisocyanatopentane (MPDI) having the formula (I): ##STR1## which is blocked totally or partially by .epsilon.-caprolactam or acetoxime, or a mixture of the same with 2-ethyl-1,4-diisocyanatobutane (EBDI) having the formula (II): ##STR2## which is blocked totally or partially by .epsilon.-caprolactam or acetoxime, wherein the diisocyanate mixture of (I) and (II) has about 88 to 99% by weight of (I) and about 12 to 1% by weight of (II) and the free isocyanate (NCO) content is up to about 10% by weight.The one-component baking enamels are suitable for application to metal, glass and plastic objects and exhibit excellent flexibility and weather resistance.

Abstract: Thermoplastic compositions comprised of the following components:(A) Polyphenylene ether, in the amount of 20-90 parts by weight;(B) Styrene resins, in the amount of 5-70 parts by weight;(C) Polyoctenylenes, in the amount of 2-20 parts by weight;(D) Copolymers based on styrene and butadiene, in the amount of 0-20 parts by weight; and(E) Optionally, other additives;are disclosed.

Abstract: Decomposable organic compounds can, at times, be contained in the feedwater for steam generators; these decomposable compounds can stem from the untreated water supply or from the recondensate if the steam is utilized as heating steam for chemical plants and the condensate is recycled into the steam generator. The decomposition products can lead to damage to the material in the steam generator during long-term exposure.A partial stream of the feedwater is continuously examined for such compounds; as soon as these occur, they are disintegrated in the partial stream by UV light. The decomposition products are detected by measuring conductivity and/or by means of ion-sensitive electrodes. This measuring process works very rapidly and is highly sensitive, making it possible to consistently recognize contaminated water quantities and then to remove same in a controlled fashion from the feedwater stream for the steam generator or to process same into unobjectionable feedwater.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing sealing compositions for electric wires, wherein one mixes together a filler (comprised chiefly of an alkaline earth carbonate), a binder component, and possibly additives of the type common in the art.The binder component is a combination of two binders: binder I is a homopolymer of 1,3-butadiene or a copolymer which is essentially obtained from 1,3-butadiene; and binder II is a polymer based on 1,3-butadiene and having laterally extending succinic anhydride groups.The sealing compositions are distinguished by good processibility and high dielectric strength.

Abstract: A process for controlling bead size in the production of expandable styrene polymers by suspension polymerization is carried out by adding protective colloids to the aqueous phase before polymerization begins, such protective colloids being used which are homogeneously soluble in water over the entire temperature range from 25.degree. to 125.degree. C. and in which the concentration range being employed shall not lower the boundary surface tension water/styrene below 18 N/mm.sup.2. Lastly, the protective colloids are selected according to their molecular weight and the weight ratio of aqueous to organic phase lies in the range of 0.9:1 to 1:1.25, preferably in the range of 1:1. A grain spectrum is maintained predominantly greater than 0.41 to less than 2.5 mm by varying the molecular weights of the protective colloids.

Abstract: The invention relates to a headlamp reflector for an automobile vehicle manufactured by injection molding according to the coinjection process using poly(alkylene terephthalate) having a viscosity number (DIN 16,779) of between 60 and 180 cm.sup.3 /g. It is characterized by the fact that the core contains some 15 to 75% by weight of hematite, at least 75% of the hematite having a particle size less than 70 .mu.m. Good mechanical strength and good behavior in respect of temperature.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound, and a method of use therefor, for the selective treatment of useful plant cultures, having a broad spectrum of activity against weeds and noxious grasses in pre-emergence and/or post-emergence periods having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkyl, alkoxy, alkoxyalkyl, or alkylol radical having less than a total of 15 oxygen and carbon atoms combined, or a hydrogen atom; (R) is a lower alkyl group; A is --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; with the proviso that n is 0-6, when A is --CH.sub.2 --, and n is 3-6, when A is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; and wherein the substituents (R) on the cycloalkyl ring are identical to or different from each other.

Abstract: A storage-stable, substantially NCO-free urethane urea acrylate which after radiation curing forms strongly adhering, solvent resistant, wear resistant coatings containing isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) or adducts thereof which have been partially acrylated with one or more hydroxyacrylates to the extent of about 10-25 equivalent %, which material subsequently has been reacted to the extent of about 10-75 equivalent % with one or more polyhydroxy compounds, wherein the remaining NCO equivalents have been fixed with urea bonds with one or more primary or secondary diamino compounds having about 2 to 18 carbon atoms.