Abstract: The invention describes pharmaceutical agents capable of crossing the blood brain barrier to protect against organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents or other electrophiles by reactivating inhibited cholinesterase (i.e., acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) and other proteins in the peripheral and central nervous system.

Abstract: Provided are methods for identifying OP-adducted biomarkers of OP exposure as well as compounds containing OPs that can provide OP adducts and compounds of Formula 1 for eliciting antibodies that specifically and selectively bind to the OP adducts, wherein the Formula 1 compounds have the structure of OP-Peptide-Linker-CP, wherein CP is a carrier protein, OP represents a structure corresponding to that of a reactive organic phosphorous compound covalently modifying a tyrosine residue hydroxyl group of the peptide of Formula I and the other variable groups are as described herein.