Abstract: A stereolithography apparatus and an exposure system for a stereolithography apparatus, wherein light emitting diodes are used as light sources. The invention relates to aligning light from the light emitting diode and to the exchange and control the light emitting diodes.

Abstract: A method for bleach-whitening of synthetic textile material is provided comprising contacting said textile material with (a) an enzymatic textile bleaching composition comprising (i) a perhydrolase enzyme, (ii) an ester substrate for said perhydrolase enzyme, (iii) a hydrogen peroxide source, (iv) a surfactant and/or an emulsifier, (v) a peroxide stabilizer, (vi) a sequestering agent, (vii) a buffer which maintains a pH of about 6 to about 8, and (b) at least one fluorescent whitening agent, and, optionally, (c) at least one acid or disperse shading dye for shaded variations of white, for a length of time and under conditions suitable to permit measurable whitening of the textile material, thereby producing a bleached-whitened textile material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a clear, low viscosity photocurable composition including (i) a cationically curable compound (ii) an acrylate-containing compound (iii) a polyol-containing mixture (iv) a cationic photoinitiator and (v) a free radical photoinitiator. The photocurable composition can be cured using rapid prototyping techniques to form opaque-white three-dimensional articles having ABS-like properties.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of formula wherein R1 and R2 independently of one another are hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C1-C4alkyl, D is a radical of a diazo component of the formula X1 and X2 independently of one another are halogen, T is a fiber-reactive radical of the formula (R3)0-2 denotes from 0 to 2 identical or different substituents from the group halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy and sulfo, Z is vinyl or a —CH2—CH2—U radical and U is a group that is removable under alkaline conditions, Q is a —CH(Hal)-CH2-Hal or —C(Hal)=CH2 group, Hal is halogen, n is the number 0, 1 or 2, and m and q are independently of one another the number 0 or 1, are suitable for dyeing cellulosic or amide-group-containing fiber materials.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of foamed thermoplastic polyurethanes characterised in that the foaming of the thermoplastic polyurethane is carried out in the presence of thermally expandable microspheres.

Abstract: Reactive dyes of formula wherein R1 is hydrogen or unsubstituted or substituted C1-C4alkyl, (R2)s denotes s identical or different substituents from the group halogen, nitro, unsubstituted or halo-substituted C1-C4alkyl, C2-C4alkanoylamino, C1-C4alkylsulfonyl, carbamoyl, sulfamoyl and sulfo, Me is chromium, cobalt or iron, E is a bivalent radical of formula wherein X denotes chlorine or fluorine, T is a fibre-reactive radical of formula —NH—(CH2)2-3—SO2—Z??(2a), —NH—(CH2)2-3—O—(CH2)2-3—SO2—Z??(2b), (R3)0-2 denotes from 0 to 2 identical or different substituents from the group halogen, C1-C4alkyl, C1-C4alkoxy and sulfo, Z is vinyl or a —CH2—CH2—U radical and U is a group that is removable under alkaline conditions, Q is a —CH(Hal)-CH2-Hal or —C(Hal)=CH2 group, s is the number 0, 1, 2 or 3, q is the number 0 or 1, A denotes a bivalent radical of formula wherein R1, R2, X, T, m, n, q and s are as defined above, R4 and R7 denote hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl, R5 and R6 represent, each independ

Abstract: A masterbatch composition, a method for the preparation of a masterbatch composition, a method for the preparation of a powder coating composition, a powder coating composition obtainable by said method as well as the use of a masterbatch composition for a powder coating composition or for increasing the opacity of a cured powder coating is disclosed.

Abstract: A process for providing methylene-bridged polyphenyl polyamines from aniline and formaldehyde according to the invention comprises the subsequent steps of a) condensing aniline and formaldehyde, providing a condensate, the molar ratio of aniline to formaldehyde being chosen in the range of 2 to 3.5; b) reacting, in a first catalytic reaction step, at a reaction temperature within the range of about 30° C. to about 100° C., said condensate over a solid catalyst being chosen from the group consisting of clays, silicates, silica-aluminas and ion exchange resins, whereby an intermediate mixture is provided, the intermediate mixture comprising amino benzyl amines; c) converting, in a subsequent catalytic reaction step, at a temperature within the range of about 70° C. to about 250° C.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to highly filled epoxy resin compositions suitable as casting resins without the need of an extended curing step, to a casting process using said compositions and use of said compositions in a casting process not needing an extended curing step.

Abstract: Process for the production of di- and poly(diamino diphenyl methane) comprising the steps of (a) reacting aniline and formaldehyde in the presence of an acid catalyst to produce a reaction mixture containing di- and polyamines; (b) neutralising the reaction mixture containing di- and polyamines; (c) separating the neutralised reaction mixture into an organic phase containing di- and polyamines and an aqueous phase; (d) further treating the organic phase separated off in step (c) by (d1) washing with water followed by (d2) separating the washed mixture into an organic phase and an aqueous phase and (d3) further fractionation of the organic phase to produce purified di- and polyamines on the one hand and aniline/water on the other hand; (e) further treating the aqueous phase separated off in step (c) by (e1) washing with aniline followed by (e2) separating the washed mixture into an aqueous phase and an organic phase and (e3) further treatment of the aqueous phase to remove the aniline thereby leaving an efflu

Abstract: Isocyanurate-reactive mixture obtained by reacting an anhydride and a polyol; process for making it; polyisocyanate composition comprising this mixture; binder composition comprising such a polyisocyanate composition; the use of such a polyisocyanate composition and/or binder composition for making a polyisocyanurate and such polyisocyanurates.

Abstract: Process for the simultaneous and continuous production of two different mixtures of predominantly 4,4?-MDI and 2,4?-MDI in a single-step suspension melt crystallisation process whereby a mixed diisocyanate feed stream [MIx] is used to produce simultaneously two mixed diisocyanate streams [MIy and MIz] wherein x=80 to 92, y=97 to 99 and z=60 to 80 preferably x=82 to 88, y=97.2 to 98.5 and z=63 to 70 where x, y and z are percentages by weight of the 4,4?-MDI isomer contained in the diisocyanate isomer mixture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for manufacturing isocyanates from an amine compound. The process comprises the steps of a) Providing chlorine; b) Providing carbon monoxide; c) Reacting said chlorine and said carbon monoxide for providing phosgene, the carbon monoxide being provided in an adjustable molar excess; d) Providing an amine compound and phosgenating said amine compound using said phosgene thereby providing said isocyanate; the process further comprises adjusting said adjustable molar excess, i.e. the molar excess of carbon monoxide, for adjusting the colour of the isocyanate.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate composition for binding lignocellulosic materials comprising a methylene bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanate composition having a content of difunctional diphenylmethane diisocyanate isomers between 50 and 70 wt %, preferably between 60 and 70 wt %.

Abstract: Polyisocyanate composition for binding lignocellulosic materials comprising a methylene bridged polyphenyl polyisocyanate composition having a having a relative content of minor trifunctional isocyanate isomers of at least 17 wt % based on the total trifunctional isocyanate content.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of increasing the depth of shade of dyed natural or synthetic polyamide fiber materials, which comprises treating the fiber material before, during or after dyeing with a liquor comprising a compound of formula (1) wherein R is halogen, C1-C12alkyl, C5-C24aryl, C6-C36aralkyl, —OR1, or —NR1R2, R1 and R2 being, each independently of the other, hydrogen, C1-C12alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy, amino, mercapto, carboxyl, sulfo, C1-C12alkylsulfonyl, C5-C24arylsulfonyl or C6-C36aralkylsulfonyl groups, C5-C24aryl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy, amino, carboxyl, sulfo, C1-C12 alkylsulfonyl, C5-C24arylsulfonyl or C6-C36aralkylsulfonyl groups, or C6-C36aralkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy, amino, carboxyl, sulfo, C1-C12alkylsulfonyl, C5-C24arylsulfonyl or C6-C36aralkylsulfonyl groups, X and Y are, each independently of the other, mercapto, —NR3R4 or —N+R3R4R5A?, wherein R3, R4 and R5 are, each independently of the oth

Abstract: A curable composition comprising a) an epoxy resin containing on average more than one epoxy group per molecule, and b) as curing agent a hybrid hardener, whereby said hardener is a blend of b1) an aminic compound selected from aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic amines, imidazoline group-containing amidoamines based on mono- or polybasic acids, adducts of said amines or amidoamines made from glycidyl compounds, adducts of said amines or amidoamines made from cyclic carbonates, whereby said aminic compound contains, on average per molecule, at least two reactive hydrogen atoms bound to nitrogen atoms, and b2) a DCPD-phenol based novolac, and wherein the DCPD-phenol novolac is used in an amount from 1 to 65 wt %, based on the total weight of the hardener blend b1) and b2), especially useful as protective coatings for metallic and mineral substrates.

Abstract: A thermosetting composition comprising (a) 97.9 to 40 percent by weight of at least one bis(dihydrobenzoxazine) prepared by the reaction of an unsubstituted or substituted bisphenol with at least one unsubstituted position ortho to each hydroxyl group, formaldehyde and a primary amine; (b) 2 to 50 percent by weight of at least one organic polyamine; and (c) 0.1 to 10 percent by weight of at least one curing catalyst, selected from the group of carboxylic acids, sulfonic acids and phosphonic acids having at least two acid groups and no other reactive groups; wherein the percent by weight refer to the total amount of components (a), (b) and (c) in the composition, with the proviso that (a), (b) and (c) add up to 100 percent by weight; and (d) and optionally other components. Cured products of these compositions show valuable chemical, physical and mechanical properties.

Abstract: Process for making rigid polyurethane or urethane-modified polyisocyanurate foams at an isocyanate index of between 110 and 120 comprising the step of reacting an organic polyisocyanate composition with an isocyanate-reactive composition in the presence of a hydrocarbon as blowing agent wherein the isocyanate-reactive composition contains between 3 and 30 wt % of polyester polyols and between 20 and 50 wt % of polyether polyols derived from aromatic amines, the amounts being calculated on the basis of total isocyanate-reactive compound.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dyes of formula wherein R1 and R2 are each independently of the other hydrogen, vinyl, allyl or C1-C6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by cyano, carboxy, hydroxy, C1-C6alkoxy or C6-C24aryl, R3 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl or C6-C24aryl, R4 is hydrogen, C1-C6alkyl or C6-C24aryl, 2-Cyano-C1-C6alkyl, 2-Alkoxy-C1-C6alkyl, 2-Oxo-C1-C6alkyl, n is 0, 1 or 2, and D denotes a radical of formula (2), (3), (4), (5), (6) or (7) wherein R5 is hydrogen, nitro, cyano or halogen, R6 and R7 are each independently of the other hydrogen, nitro, cyano or halogen, R8 and R9 are each independently of the other hydrogen, nitro, cyano or halogen, R10 and R11 are each independently of the other nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, C1-C6alkyl, C1-C6alkoxy, C1-C6acylamino or halogen, R12 and R13 are each independently of the other hydrogen, nitro, cyano, trifluoromethyl, carboxy, C1-C6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonyl, C1-C6alkylsulfonylamino, C1-C6acylamino or halogen, R14 represen