Abstract: A modular refrigeration system includes a refrigeration loop having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion assembly, and a chiller interconnected by a first piping loop cycling hydrocarbon refrigerant. A high side cooling loop includes a first heat exchanger and a first pump interconnected with the condenser by a second piping loop cycling a cooling fluid, the cooling fluid exchanges heat with the hydrocarbon refrigerant at the condenser. A low side cooling loop includes a second heat exchanger and a second pump interconnected with the chiller by a third piping loop cycling a chilled fluid, the chilled fluid exchanges heat with the hydrocarbon refrigerant at the chiller. A space supports the second heat exchanger and is configured to be maintained within a predetermined temperature range, wherein the total charge of hydrocarbon refrigerant associated with the space does not exceed 150 grams.

Abstract: A louver for directing airflow in a refrigerated display case, and a refrigerated display case employing a louver. In some embodiments, the louver includes a plurality of fins positioned to define a plurality of channels therebetween through which airflow can be directed substantially in a first direction. Each fin can be elongated in a second direction substantially orthogonal to the first direction to define a length. Each fin can include an inlet end and an outlet end in a cross-section taken along the length. The louver can further include a curved inlet profile defined by the inlet ends of the plurality of fins.

Abstract: A refrigeration system including an evaporator, a suction header in fluid communication with the evaporator, a compressor in fluid communication with the suction header, and a condenser in fluid communication with the compressor and the evaporator. The refrigeration system further including a controller operable to control the compressor and a sensor coupled to the compressor. The sensor is operable to acquire a parameter for the compressor. The method of operating the refrigeration system includes acquiring a value for the parameter with the sensor, and determining if the sensor is faulty.

Abstract: A flat-tube evaporator and a refrigeration system including a flat-tube evaporator. The flat-tube evaporator can include an inlet manifold, an outlet manifold separated a distance from the inlet manifold, a distributor tube positioned within the inlet manifold and fluidly connected to the common distributor, and a plurality of flat tubes positioned to fluidly connect the inlet manifold and the outlet manifold. The distributor tube can include a plurality of orifices, each of the plurality of orifices positioned to direct the refrigerant into the inlet manifold in a first direction. Each of the plurality of flat tubes can be positioned to direct the refrigerant from the inlet manifold to the outlet manifold in a second direction, the second direction being substantially opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A double-semiconductor device includes a substrate, an insulating layer, a fin and a gate. The insulating layer is formed on the substrate and the fin is formed on the insulating layer. The fin has a number of side surfaces, a top surface and a bottom surface. The gate is formed on the insulating layer and surrounds the top surface, bottom surface and the side surfaces of the fin in the channel region of the semiconductor device. Surrounding the fin with gate material results in an increased total channel width and more flexible device adjustment margins.

Abstract: Cooling apparatus and releasing system for beverages in containers, by which beverages in containers may be withdrew from the refrigeration with no need to open the front door, having wired vertical devices inside the refrigerated apparatus set, wired devices being able to comprise beverage cans, which are released for consumption through a by-hand operating lever, being conducted by gravity to a front tray, inferior and horizontal; the beverage in containers is kept entirely cooled all the time, not having thermal exchange between the refrigerator inside and the environment because there is not an accessing door with wide opening, which brings high electrical energy saves for the location, as well as minor maintenance services of the apparatus and of the compressor.