Abstract: A system for observing a flow characteristic of a fluid is provided. The system comprises at least one radar sensor that is a Multiple-Input Multiple Output phase radar sensor configured to create a virtual array. The system also comprises processing circuitry. The radar sensor(s) are provided at a distance above the fluid. The processing circuitry is configured to receive sensor data from the radar sensor(s). The sensor data includes at least one of a fluid speed or a fluid surface level. The processing circuitry is configured to determine the flow characteristic based upon the sensor data.

Abstract: A system for observing a flow characteristic of a fluid is provided. The system comprises a nadir-facing sensor, an angle flow sensor, and processing circuitry. The nadir-facing sensor and the angle flow sensor are both provided at a distance above the fluid, and the nadir-facing sensor and the angle flow sensor are both Multiple-Input Multiple-Output phase radar sensors. The processing circuitry is configured to receive sensor data from the nadir-facing sensor and the angle flow sensor, the sensor data includes at least one of a fluid speed or a fluid surface level, and the processing circuitry is configured to determine the flow characteristic based upon the sensor data.