Abstract: Inlet air (15) humidified in an air bubbling (or other) humidifier (35) that receives water from a tank (36) is sent to a hydrogen generator (27) along with vaporized (23) diesel fuel (22) to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide (28) for either (a) mixing with the mainstream of exhaust (18) fed to a catalytic converter (30) or (b) regenerating a pair of NOx adsorption traps (38, 39), thereby reducing oxides of nitrogen (NOx), to provide system exhaust (32) which may have less than 0.40 grams/bhp/hr of NOx and 0.28 grams/bhp/hr of non-methane hydrocarbons. In other embodiments, unhumidified air mixed with fuel feeds a homogeneous non-catalytic partial oxidizer (27) to provide the required hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

Abstract: A catalytic partial oxidizer (30) provides syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) to an apparatus intermittently using syngas such as valves (34) feeding NOx traps (35), for brief periods of time. During turndown times when syngas is not being used, either the output of the CPO is diverted (33) to the inlet (13) of an engine (12) through the engine gas recycle (EGR) system (43-46), or the amount of fuel (19) and exhaust (23) applied to the CPO is reduced (24, 26; 59, 60) so that the CPO merely stays warm and in a reduced state, thereby being ready to restart immediately. A mini-CPO (62) may provide syngas and heat to the major CPO (30) during the turndown time when syngas is not being used by the NOx traps.

Abstract: A single lean NOx trap (8) has an inlet manifold (10) with baffles (18–20) to divide the inlet manifold into three flow paths (11–13). Each flow path has a thermal reformer (24–26; CPO, (POX, or ATR) with an electric heater provided electric power by related lines (29–31). Fuel from a source (50) is controlled (45–46) to apply pulses of fuel through nozzles (40–42) into each corresponding path (11–13) in turn. A plurality of diesel particulate filters (14) are disposed in the flow paths (11–13) upstream of the lean NOx trap (8). A diesel oxidation catalyst (53) is disposed downstream of the lean NOx trap.

Abstract: Oxides of nitrogen are adsorbed onto the surfaces of gas passages (68) in a bed (57, 100) that has relative rotation with respect to a gas inlet distributor (76, 101). The manifold has a baffle (85) or ribs (121, 122) that causes constantly flowing engine exhaust (53) to enter the gas passages over a large portion of a revolution of the adsorption bed or the distributor, and causes constantly flowing regeneration gas (54) to thereafter pass through those passages during a small portion of each revolution. The passages may be formed by planar (66a) or helical (66b) radial walls (66), a serpentine wall (70), a monolith (126), or a honeycomb (127). Either the distributor (101) or the bed (57) may be rotated to distribute the gases.