Abstract: Icephobic coatings that reduce ice adhesion strength must also enable ice delamination to ensure effective ice removal, especially when adjacent areas are not coated with icephobic coatings in which case an ice bridging preventer must also exist. The resulting mechanical devices ensure ice removal by leveraging specific ice delamination propagation features of the icephobic coating.
Abstract: The heat exchangerless membrane system optimizes heat transfer between a set of two immiscible fluids such that the second of the two immiscible fluids having an additive, notably an additive that makes the second fluid corrosive, is infrequently in contact any heat exchangers that would make the heat exchanger subject to corrosion. This membrane system is capable of separating the two immiscible fluids downstream of the heat transfer process, such that heat transfer can repeat the cycle again in an energy efficient manner.