Abstract: A more efficient and lower cost method for producing electrochemically stable, and thus safe from thermal runaway, high electrochemical capacity coated lithium nickelate is disclosed. The coated nickelate hydroxide particles are formed from a mixed metal sulfate solution (MMS) serving as the starting material that is obtained from recycled lithium ion and/or nickel metal hydride batteries. The coating of the particles includes a relatively small amount of cobalt/manganese oxide forming the surface of the nickelate particles, while the core of the particles includes a relatively large amount of nickel in relation to the weight of the coating. Battery cathode electrodes may be manufactured by using the obtained coated lithium nickelate particles as the cathode active material (CAM) in forming the battery cathodes.

Abstract: A hydrometallurgical process is described that can isolate and recover NIMH battery constituents in high-value form: the nickel and cobalt hydroxides (cathode) as nickel and cobalt hydroxides; elemental nickel and cobalt (metallic anode) as nickel and cobalt hydroxides; rare earth metals (metallic anode) as oxides of rare earth metals, conductive carbon (electrodes) as conductive carbon, and the magnetic nickel-plated steel grids (electrodes) and battery cases in a relatively clean and directly smeltable form. The isolation portion of the process isolates the rare earth metals in oxide form from the nickel hydroxide and the cobalt hydroxide. If present, titanium, aluminum, and yttrium are isolated as oxides with the rare earth metal oxides.

Abstract: A system and method for lighting a surface, for example a deck of a boat, spa, swim spa, pool, watercraft or vehicle, using backlighting such that decorative or other desired patterns of light may be created by forming cuts, outlines, thin sections, or voids in an overlay that is applied to the lighted surface, allowing light to pass through or around portions of the overlay material. In an exemplary use of the system and method of the invention, the surface may be the surface of a boat or spa. The surface may comprise transparent or translucent materials, allowing light from a first side of the decking, or light that is generated within the decking, to pass through the decking and to emanate from a second decking side, where the light may be blocked, partially blocked, or allowed to pass through the overlay material in any desired pattern or shape.

Abstract: A lighting system includes a base structure comprising a transparent or translucent material, a surface covering including a first surface layer, a second surface layer having a first surface facing a second surface of the first surface layer and a second surface facing a first surface of the base structure, and at least one light source disposed to as to illuminate at least a portion of the base structure with light energy such that at least a portion of the light energy passes through the at least a portion of the base structure and into the surface covering, and wherein the surface covering includes a void extending at least partially between the first surface of the first surface layer and the second surface of the second surface layer and configured to allow at least some of the light energy passing through the base structure to pass through the void.

Abstract: A flotation method for separating cathode material from anode and other carbon materials is described. The cathode material may be that including lithium, nickel, and cobalt or that including lithium iron phosphate. The starting material for the flotation process is conventional black mass as recovered from fractured lithium-ion batteries and lithium-ion battery production scrap. The fractured lithium-ion batteries may originate from spent batteries including used batteries and/or out of specification new production batteries. A very fine mesh screening preferably is used to remove interfering binder from the black mass powder prior to froth flotation, preferably in combination with a hydrophilic depressant to enhance separation of the cathode material from the anode and other carbon materials present in the black mass. The separated cathode and anode materials recovered from the method may be used directly or augmented with additional lithium to form new LIB cathodes, anodes, and batteries.

Abstract: A system and method for lighting a surface, for example a deck of a boat, spa, swim spa, pool, watercraft or vehicle, using backlighting such that decorative or other desired patterns of light may be created by forming cuts, outlines, thin sections, or voids in an overlay that is applied to the lighted surface, allowing light to pass through or around portions of the overlay material. In an exemplary use of the system and method of the invention, the surface may be the surface of a boat or spa. The surface may comprise transparent or translucent materials, allowing light from a first side of the decking, or light that is generated within the decking, to pass through the decking and to emanate from a second decking side, where the light may be blocked, partially blocked, or allowed to pass through the overlay material in any desired pattern or shape.

Abstract: A hydrometallurgical process is described that can isolate and recover NIMH battery constituents in high-value form: the nickel and cobalt hydroxides (cathode) as nickel and cobalt hydroxides; elemental nickel and cobalt (metallic anode) as nickel and cobalt hydroxides; rare earth metals (metallic anode) as oxides of rare earth metals, conductive carbon (electrodes) as conductive carbon, and the magnetic nickel-plated steel grids (electrodes) and battery cases in a relatively clean and directly smeltable form. The isolation portion of the process isolates the rare earth metals in oxide form from the nickel hydroxide and the cobalt hydroxide. If present, titanium, aluminum, and yttrium are isolated as oxides with the rare earth metal oxides.

Abstract: A more efficient and lower cost method for producing electrochemically stable, and thus safe from thermal runaway, high electrochemical capacity coated lithium nickelate is disclosed. The coated nickelate hydroxide particles are formed from a mixed metal sulfate solution (MMS) serving as the starting material that is obtained from recycled lithium ion and/or nickel metal hydride batteries. The coating of the particles includes a relatively small amount of cobalt/manganese oxide forming the surface of the nickelate particles, while the core of the particles includes a relatively large amount of nickel in relation to the weight of the coating. Battery cathode electrodes may be manufactured by using the obtained coated lithium nickelate particles as the cathode active material (CAM) in forming the battery cathodes.

Abstract: A process for recovering a nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide from recycled lithium-ion battery (LIB) material such as black mass, black powder, filter cake, or the like. The recycled LIB material is mixed with water and either sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at a pH less than 2. Cobalt, nickel, and manganese oxides from the recycled lithium-ion battery material dissolve into the acidic water with the reductive assistance of gaseous sulfur dioxide. Anode carbon is filtered from the acidic water, leaving the dissolved cobalt, nickel, and manganese oxides in a filtrate. The filtrate is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide at a pH greater than 8. Nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide precipitates from the filtrate. The nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide is filtered from the filtrate and dried. The filtrate may be treated ammonium fluoride or ammonium bifluoride to precipitate lithium fluoride from the filtrate.

Abstract: A process for recovering a nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide from recycled lithium-ion battery (LIB) material such as black mass, black powder, filter cake, or the like. The recycled LIB material is mixed with water and either sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid at a pH less than 2. Cobalt, nickel, and manganese oxides from the recycled lithium-ion battery material dissolve into the acidic water with the reductive assistance of gaseous sulfur dioxide. Anode carbon is filtered from the acidic water, leaving the dissolved cobalt, nickel, and manganese oxides in a filtrate. The filtrate is mixed with aqueous sodium hydroxide at a pH greater than 8. Nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide precipitates from the filtrate. The nickel cobalt manganese hydroxide is filtered from the filtrate and dried. The filtrate may be treated ammonium fluoride or ammonium bifluoride to precipitate lithium fluoride from the filtrate.

Abstract: A system and method for lighting a surface, for example a deck of a boat, spa, swim spa, pool, watercraft or vehicle, using backlighting such that decorative or other desired patterns of light may be created by forming cuts, outlines, thin sections, or voids in an overlay that is applied to the lighted surface, allowing light to pass through or around portions of the overlay material. In an exemplary use of the system and method of the invention, the surface may be the surface of a boat or spa. The surface may comprise transparent or translucent materials, allowing light from a first side of the decking, or light that is generated within the decking, to pass through the decking and to emanate from a second decking side, where the light may be blocked, partially blocked, or allowed to pass through the overlay material in any desired pattern or shape.

Abstract: A connectorized lighting system for a base structure such as a deck pad, comprising a base structure having an a retaining cavity disposed in and running along a surface of the base structure, a lighting element inserted into the retaining cavity, and connectorized light source that provides electrical power to the lighting element, exhibits a low profile, and may be removable and replaceable without tools. The base structure may be a deck pad on a boat or a covering for a floor, spa, spa cabinet, pool, or any other surface. The deck may comprise EVA or PE foam material, and may comprise one or more layers of sheet material. The retaining cavity may comprise a window and bevels for visibility. A lighting element may be held in place by forces created when the compressible material of the base structure is compressed by pressing the lighting element into the retaining cavity.

Abstract: A method for printing on a low surface energy substrate. The low surface energy substrates may be flexible low surface energy substrates. A primer is applied to the surface of the low surface energy substrate using a spray coating system. A pressure pot spray system that oscillates as the substrate passes underneath it on a conveyor system may be used. The primer is then allowed to air dry. Once dry, a printer can be used to print a graphic, design or other ornamental feature on the primed surface of the substrate. Once printing is complete, a clear coating is applied to the substrate and then cured.

Abstract: A method for printing on a low surface energy substrate. The low surface energy substrates may be flexible low surface energy substrates. A primer is applied to the surface of the low surface energy substrate using a spray coating system. A pressure pot spray system that oscillates as the substrate passes underneath it on a conveyor system may be used. The primer is then allowed to air dry. Once dry, a printer can be used to print a graphic, design or other ornamental feature on the primed surface of the substrate. Once printing is complete, a clear coating is applied to the substrate and then cured.