Abstract: A carbon substrate, method, and a system for manufacturing the same. The method includes forming an oxidized carbon precursor fiber preweb comprising oxidized carbon precursor staple fibers and binder staple fibers; impregnating the oxidized carbon precursor fiber preweb with a slurry including a thermosetting resin and carbonaceous fillers and drying the resulting preweb to obtain an oxidized carbon precursor fiber web; applying heat and pressure to the oxidized and impregnated carbon precursor fiber web, to cure the thermosetting resin and press the oxidized carbon precursor fiber web; and heating the oxidized carbon precursor fiber web in an inert atmosphere, thereby stabilizing and carbonizing the oxidized carbon precursor staple fibers to obtain a carbon substrate. The present invention may utilize a combination of carbon precursor staple fibers in an oxidized form with low ductility and high stiffness; and binder staple fibers composed of a polymer resin.

Abstract: Provided are systems and methods for electronic receipt management using a user terminal which includes an electronic wallet where payment information is stored, an electronic receipt application storing and managing an electronic receipt, an installation number generated to determine what number of application is installed when the electronic receipt application is installed, a dongle including a payment request relay unit requesting an installation number and payment information to the user terminal to transfer received installation number, payment information, and the amount of requested payment to a payment server, a payment unit making a payment using the payment information and the amount of requested payment received from the payment request relay unit and an electronic receipt issuing unit issuing an electronic receipt when the payment unit makes a payment and transferring the issued electronic receipt and the installation number received from the payment request relay unit to an electronic receipt se

Abstract: The present invention relates to an LED illumination module. The LED illumination module comprises an upper housing configured to have an accommodation unit upwardly protruding at a central portion of the upper housing and to have two or more LEDs mounted in an outer circumference direction of the accommodation unit, a lower housing disposed below the upper housing, a power supply device embedded in the accommodation unit formed in the upper housing and configured to supply a power source to the LEDs, and power source cables placed on sides of the upper housing and the lower housing and configured to supply an external power source to the power supply device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a bicycle driving apparatus, and more particularly, to a bicycle driving apparatus which enables the forward travel of the bicycle regardless of the forward rotation or reverse rotation of the pedals. The bicycle driving apparatus according to the present invention enables a bicycle to travel in the forward direction not only when a pedal rotates in the forward direction but also when the pedal rotates in the reverse direction.

Abstract: An MP-3 player includes a first speaker portion in which a speaker is mounted so as to be positioned at an ear of a user, an electric device portion which is mounted in the first speaker portion and provided with electric parts for reproducing sounds from an MP-3 file, a second speaker portion in which a speaker is mounted so as to be positioned at the other ear of the user; and a wearing means for connecting the first speaker portion and second speaker portion which is worn on the user's head. The speaker portions and the main body are integrally formed into a headphone or back-phone arrangement, thereby minimizing the size of the MP-3 player. Further, a separate wire is not needed in the MP-3 player, thereby reducing the trouble such as a short of the wire.

Abstract: Disclosed is a freezable coolant composition used for cold-preservation of, e.g., foods by utilizing the latent heat of fusion at the freezing point which is substantially higher than 0.degree. C. and in the range, for example, from 5.degree. C. to 26.degree. C. The composition is a ternary mixture consisting of: (A) from 98.0 to 8.0% by weight of 1,6-hexanediol; (B) from 0.5 to 3.0% by weight of sodium benzoate; and (C) from 1.5 to 89.0% by weight of water, each percentage being based on the total amount of the components (A), (B) and (C).