Abstract: Approaches for indexing and retrieving spatial data with a quadtree index in database management systems are described. In an embodiment, data objects are stored without decomposition within a linearized quadtree stored within a B-tree index. In another embodiment, a method determines an optimal execution plan for a spatial query by parsing it to determine a query type and geometry object associated with the query. The method tessellates the query object by recursively decomposing the quadtree blocks that cover it. Cost-based decomposition decisions are made by consulting a cost model furnished by the database management system to minimize the cost of the resulting index range plan on the B-tree storage. Thus, data-directed query decomposition enacted by the method results in the optimal cost index range plan for the current data distribution and system context. In another embodiment, a system identifies and displays an optimal index range plan in a user interface.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for communications between web service applications and web services are described. A first interface is coupled between the application and a messaging system. A second interface is coupled between the messaging system and the web service. The first interface is configured to receive a web service request from the application, to format the web service request into a Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) request message, to include the SOAP request message in a first electronic message, and to transmit the first electronic message to the messaging system. The messaging system is configured to receive the first electronic message at a first node, to transmit the first electronic message across a communications network to a second node, and to couple the first electronic message from the second node to the second interface.

Abstract: Systems, methods and articles of manufacture for determining at least one algorithm from a pool of algorithms to optimize a query. An embodiment includes building optimization blocks for the subplan, determining the complexity of the subplan based on the optimization blocks and selecting an algorithm from a pool of search space generation algorithms based on complexity of the subplan and characteristics of the selected algorithm, and optimizing the subplan with the selected algorithm.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for determining a schedule for synchronizing a server and a client are described herein. The method operates by tracking user usage of the client to develop usage patterns. A sync schedule is generated using the usage patterns, where the sync schedule enhances at least one of sync usefulness and sync transparency. The server and client are synchronized according to the sync schedule. More particularly, a sync fitness measure for an interval t is determined. The sync fitness measure is based on at least one of (a) sync transparency; and (b) sync usefulness. It is determined whether the sync fitness measure satisfies a threshold. If the sync fitness measure satisfies the threshold, then the server and client are synchronized during interval t.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method for receiving information at a first device is provided. The method includes storing a first data object on the first device in a first device-specific representation, receiving a batch of information in response to the first device transitioning from an off-line state to an online state, processing the modification event to recover the modification, updating the first data object based on the recovered modification, and transmitting an acknowledgement indicating that the modification event was successfully processed by the first device. The batch of information includes a modification event. The content of the batch was determined based at least on a state of data stored on the first device. The modification event was generated based on at least a modification made to a second data object stored at a second device in a second device-specific representation.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for servicing advertisements for offline display on mobile devices are provided. In a first aspect, a channel is received at a mobile device server from one or more providers, including a first web page, an advertiser web page, and an advertisement image file. The received channel is transmitted to the mobile device. In an offline mode, when displayed, the first web page includes an image contained by the advertisement image file. A user viewing the first web page on the mobile device can select the displayed image of the advertisement image file to traverse a link to cause the advertiser page to be displayed on the mobile device. In another aspect, a plurality of advertisement image files are received and stored at a mobile device. The display of the advertisement images on a first web page is cycled each time the first web page is displayed on the mobile device.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for generating a graphical representation of a query optimization process. The method comprises the steps of parsing a search space log, presenting one or more evaluated access plans on an axis of a timeline, identifying a best access plan on the timeline, and outputting a graphical representation of the timeline. An additional system, method, and computer program product are provided for recording a query optimization process of a query optimizer.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for synchronizing events between a mobile device and a server are described herein. In an embodiment, the method operates by detecting events to be synchronized between a source and a target, wherein the source and target are one of either a mobile device or a server. The method comprises deducing activities that occurred in order to create the detected event, reading data records corresponding to the deduced activities, and creating packets of operations needed to recreate the deduced activities on the target. The method further comprises queuing the packets of operations and data records and receiving event synchronization results at the source after the queued packets of operations have successfully executed on the target, wherein the synchronization results include a synchronization status and a unique record identifier identifying the event. In an embodiment, personal information manager (PIM) events are synchronized.

Abstract: Methods, systems, apparatuses, and computer program products for servicing advertisements for offline display on mobile devices are provided. In a first aspect, a channel is received at a mobile device server from one or more providers, including a first web page, an advertiser web page, and an advertisement image file. The received channel is transmitted to the mobile device. In an offline mode, when displayed, the first web page includes an image contained by the advertisement image file. A user viewing the first web page on the mobile device can select the displayed image of the advertisement image file to traverse a link to cause the advertiser page to be displayed on the mobile device. In another aspect, a plurality of advertisement image files are received and stored at a mobile device. The display of the advertisement images on a first web page is cycled each time the first web page is displayed on the mobile device.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus and computer program products for allocating a number of workers to a worker pool in a multiprogrammable computer are provided, to thereby tune server multiprogramming level. The method includes the steps of monitoring throughput in relation to a workload concurrency level and dynamically tuning a multiprogramming level based upon the monitoring. The dynamic tuning includes adjusting with a first adjustment for a first interval and with a second adjustment for a second interval, wherein the second adjustment utilizes data stored from the first adjustment.

Abstract: Methods and systems for using algorithms in relational database management systems (RDBMSs) for incremental maintenance of materialized views with outerjoins are disclosed. The algorithms achieve the following goals with respect to a class of materialized outerjoin views and the performance of update operations: relax the requirement for the existence of the primary key attributes in a select list of the view to only some of the relations (i.e., the relations referenced as a preserved side in an outerjoin); relax null-intolerant property requirements for some predicates used in the view definition (i.e., predicates referencing relations which can be null-supplied by more than one outerjoin); and implement maintenance of outerjoin views by using one update statement (e.g., MERGE, UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE) per view for each relation referenced in the view. The algorithms allow design and implementation of the incremental maintenance of materialized views with outerjoins to be integrated into an RDBMS.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for immediately updating a materialized view in a relational database management system. The method includes the steps of creating a materialized view defined over a base table, executing an update statement on the base table, computing a delta of the base table by comparing images of the base table before execution of the update statement and after execution of the update statement, computing a delta of the materialized view based on the delta of the base table, and updating the materialized view using the delta of the materialized view.

Abstract: Systems, methods and computer program products for determining a schedule for synchronizing a server and a client are described herein. The method operates by tracking user usage of the client to develop usage patterns. A sync schedule is generated using the usage patterns, where the sync schedule enhances at least one of sync usefulness and sync transparency. The server and client are synchronized according to the sync schedule. More particularly, a sync fitness measure for an interval t is determined. The sync fitness measure is based on at least one of (a) sync transparency; and (b) sync usefulness. It is determined whether the sync fitness measure satisfies a threshold. If the sync fitness measure satisfies the threshold, then the server and client are synchronized during interval t.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for synchronizing communications, data, application workflow events, and business processes between a mobile device and a server are described herein. In an embodiment, the method operates by determining whether there is a data object to be synchronized between a source and a target, wherein the source and target are one of either a mobile device or a server. An indication is sent to the target when there is a data object to be synchronized from the source. The data object to be synchronized is saved in a cache on the source and it is determined whether the mobile device is connected to the server. The synchronization operation is queued for the target until it is determined that the mobile device is connected to the server, and results are returned to the source after the data object is synchronized on the target.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for maintaining connections between a mobile device and a server are described herein. In an embodiment, the method operates by receiving a data request from the mobile device, the data request identifying at least a timeout interval. The method comprises sending the data request to a data server and then determining whether the timeout interval has passed. The method also comprises sending a keep alive message to the mobile device indicating that the request has timed out if it is determined that the timeout interval has passed. The method then receives a re post request from the mobile device, the re post request identifying a timeout interval. The method further comprises receiving a response from the data server, the response including at least data requested by the mobile device and then sends the response to the mobile device.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product for synchronizing events between a mobile device and a server are described herein. In an embodiment, the method operates by detecting events to be synchronized between a source and a target, wherein the source and target are one of either a mobile device or a server. The method comprises deducing activities that occurred in order to create the detected event, reading data records corresponding to the deduced activities, and creating packets of operations needed to recreate the deduced activities on the target. The method further comprises queuing the packets of operations and data records and receiving event synchronization results at the source after the queued packets of operations have successfully executed on the target, wherein the synchronization results include a synchronization status and a unique record identifier identifying the event. In an embodiment, personal information manager (PIM) events are synchronized.

Abstract: Described herein are systems, methods, computer program products, and combinations and sub-combinations thereof, for enabling web content (as well as other objects) to be loaded on mobile devices (as well as other types of devices), and for users of mobile devices to operate with such web content on their mobile devices in an interactive manner while in an off-line mode.

Abstract: A cache management system providing improved page latching methodology. A method providing access to data in a multi-threaded computing system comprises: providing a cache containing data pages and a mapping to pages in memory of the multi-threaded computing system; associating a latch with each page in cache to regulate access, the latch allowing multiple threads to share access to the page for reads and a single thread to obtain exclusive access to the page for writes; in response to a request from a first thread to read a particular page, determining whether the particular page is in cache without acquiring any synchronization object regulating access and without blocking access by other threads; if the particular page is in cache, reading the particular page unless another thread has exclusively latched the particular page; and otherwise, if the particular page is not in cache, bringing the page into cache.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for synchronizing tasks between mobiles device without a native task applications, such as mobile devices running the iPhone operating system, and a server. The method synchronizes tasks between a mobile device and a server with a task application installed. The method receives a plurality of data fields associated with a task from the mobile device, stores the data fields in a database, and transforms the plurality data fields into a task record formatted according to the task application installed on the server. The method communicates the task record to the task application installed on the server. The method operates symmetrically to facilitate synchronization of new and updated tasks between a source and a target, wherein the source may be either a mobile device or a server, and wherein the target may be either a server or a mobile device.

Abstract: A system, method, and computer program product are provided for intercepting an e-mail from a backend system and converting the e-mail into a message which can be used by a mobile device to graphically represent a business process. The mobile device can interact with the graphic representation, or invoke a business method from a local graphic representation, in order to send a response message to the backend system for further communications.