Abstract: Down-sized optical directional coupler with high performance and reduction of power includes a LiTaO.sub.3 monocrystal substrate, at least two optical waveguides of a LiNbO.sub.3 monocrystalline thin film formed close to and parallel to each other, and means for changing a refractive index of the optical waveguide provided on at least one of the optical waveguides, thereby obtaining a matching of a lattice constant between the LiTaO.sub.3 monocrystal substrate and the LiNbO.sub.3 monocrystalline thin film.