Abstract: Oligonucleotides are provided which are effective in inhibiting the growth, metastasis and/or angiogenesis of tumors, including particularly melanoma and/or lung cancer. Methods are also provided for use of these oligonucleotides in the treatment of diseases.

Abstract: Methods and compositions are provided for infecting cells with virus. Specific embodiments involved stressing the cellular membranes with chemical, electrical or mechanical means, such as by incubating the cells in DOTAP or Transfectam.TM.. Other embodiments involve impregnating carriers with virus for use in research a suitable carrier such as a polymer or nanoparticle.

Abstract: A packaging system for the transportation and storage of materials, including radioactive and other hazardous materials. The system comprises a primary container removably received within a secondary container, and the secondary container being removably received within a tertiary container. The primary container can be centrifuged to minimize unrecoverable material, and in especially radioactive materials, the primary container is the only component that must be considered as radioactive waste.

Abstract: Ribavirin is administered to a patient in a dosage range which is effective to modulate lymphokine expression in activated T cells. In particular, ribavirin is used to suppress Th2-mediated T cell responses and promote Th1-mediated T cell response. Thus, instead of administering ribavirin in its well-recognized role as an anti-viral agent, ribavirin is herein used in the treatment of imbalances in lymphokine expression. Such imbalances may be found to be concomitants of allergic atopic disorders such as allergic asthma and atopic dermatitis, helminth infection and leishmaniasis, and various primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, which may or may not also be associated with viral infection.

Abstract: A process for introducing vitamin B-12 into the bloodstream is disclosed by which vitamin B-12 is absorbed sublingually. The vitamin B-12 is in the form of a micro-lozenge which contains cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin and which is capable of being dissolved in approximately four minutes or less.

Abstract: Certain 9-(.beta.-D-Ribofuranosyl)purine-6-carboxamide and other related compounds are prepared and are useful as antiviral agents.

Abstract: 1-.beta.-D-Ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide is prepared by a process wherein a suitably substituted formimidic acid hydrazide is condensed with a blocked derivative of D-ribose and the intermediate is ring closed with a reagent which donates one carbon atom to yield a 3-substituted-1-(blocked .beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazole. Treatment of this intermediate with ammonia and/or removal of the blocking group yields the product.

Abstract: Compounds of the structure ##STR1## wherein Y is O, NH or NAc; X is H, .beta.-D-ribofuranosyl or 2,3,5-tri-O-Ac-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl and Ac is acetyl; are useful as antimicrobal agent.

Abstract: 9-.beta.-D-Arabinofuranosyl nucleotides of the following structure are disclosed: ##STR1## wherein AP is a 3' or 5' phosphorylated arabinofuranoside or the corresponding 3', 5' cyclic phosphate joined by a glycoside linkage to N.sup.9 of the aglycon component of said nucleotide, and Z is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 aralkoxy, or hydroxy.Compounds prepared according to the invention exhibit antiviral activity in vitro, while others are precursors useful in the synthesis of bioactive compounds.

Abstract: 3,5,7-Trisubstituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines are disclosed of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is CF.sub.3 or C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl; R.sub.2 is CF.sub.3 or C.sub.1 -C.sub.9 alkyl; and R.sub.3 is halogen. Such compounds are useful as inhibitors of 3',5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase enzyme.

Abstract: Compounds of formula ##STR1## wherein X is --NR.sub.1 R.sub.2, --Cl, --Br or SR; Y is --X, --OH or --NH.sub.2 ; Z is hydrogen or --NH.sub.2 ; and R' is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 acyl; R being hydrogen, aryl, aralkyl, substituted aryl, substituted aralkyl, or C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl; and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, phenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.10 aralkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 branched chain alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.7 unsaturated alkyl or lower alkyl joined to form a 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, with the proviso that when one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are hydrogen, the other is not. The compounds variously exhibit phosphodiesterase inhibition, protein kinase activation, positive inotropic effects, adenyl cyclase inhibition and other biological activities.

Abstract: Ribofuranosyl derivatives of 3-deazaguanine including the 5'-phosphate, 3',5'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-deoxy, useful as antiviral agents and antibacterial agents, are disclosed.

Abstract: N.sup.6 -Carbamoyl and -carbonyl analogs of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate (cAMP) are prepared and variously demonstrated to exhibit kinase, adrenal steroidogenisis and lipolysis activation superior to cAMP, inhibit phosphodiesterase, and found to increase cardiac output or, in particular cases, to lower blood pressure.

Abstract: Compounds of the following structure are disclosed which are effective inhibitors of the enzyme xanthine oxidase: ##STR1## R is an aromatic or substituted aromatic nucleus such as phenyl, R.sub.1 is H, an alkali metal or ammonium, and R.sub.2 is H or OR.sub.1.

Abstract: Antiviral 1-(G)-1,2,4-triazole carboxamides, thiocarboxamides and carboxamidines wherein G is an acid labile hydrocarbon moiety, e.g., 1-(.alpha.-alkoxyalkyl), are prepared by, e.g., the acid-catalyzed addition reaction of appropriately substituted 1,2,4-triazole and an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated ether.

Abstract: Phosphate and carboxylic acid esters of 1-(.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl)-1,2,4-triazoles are prepared by a variety of methods and their antiviral activity reported.

Abstract: The use of 1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide and 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiocarboxamide and physiologically compatible salts thereof as antiviral agents is disclosed. A process for synthesizing 1-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide is also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel substituted 1,2,3-triazole nucleosides such as 4-R'-2-.beta.-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,3-triazole wherein R' is a nitro, carboxylic acid ester, cyano, carboxamide or thiocarboxamide group are prepared by a procedure entailing fusion of an appropriately substituted 1,2,3-triazole with a tetra-0-acyl blocked ribofuranose. The resulting compounds exhibit significant antimicrobial activity in in vitro testing or are useful in preparing compounds which exhibit such activity.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the general formula ##SPC1##Wherein X is H or NH.sub.2 ; R' is C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 substituted alkyl, benzyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.8 acyl, benzoyl, carbamoyl, are disclosed as well as a novel free radial alkylation and acylation process for making such compounds. The compounds of the invention display activity comparable to or superior to their naturally occurring analogue while resisting phosphodiesterase degradation. In some cases the compounds of this invention actually inhibit enzymatic degradation of the natural analogue.

Abstract: A 5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide nucleoside, related to the C-nucleoside pyrazomycin, is facilely synthesized by condensation of acyl-blocked ribofuranose with trimethylsilylated 5-hydroxy-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide or, alternatively, by cycloaddition of suitably blocked .beta.-D-ribofuranosyl azide and the anion of ethyl malonamate, and demonstrated to exhibit antiviral properties. The triazole precursor of the former route, as well as certain of its novel salts, are also disclosed as potential antiviral agents.