Abstract: The invention provides methods for increasing the levels of bi-antennary mono- and fully galactosylated N-glycans, and for decreasing the levels of hybrid-type galactosylated N-glycans on glycoproteins produced in plants or plant cells. In addition, the invention provides methods for the production of heterologous glycoproteins with increased levels of bi-antennary mono- and fully galactosylated N-glycans, or decreased levels of hybrid-type galactosylated N-glycans in plants or plant cells.

Abstract: A process of producing transgenic multi-cellular plants or parts thereof expressing a trait of interest that has a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, comprising (i) producing a first plant or a cell thereof having in a first locus of a nuclear chromosome a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, (ii) producing a second plant or a cell thereof having in a second locus of a nuclear chromosome homologous to said nuclear chromosome of step (i), a second heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, and (iii) hybridising said first and said second plants or cells thereof to generate progeny exhibiting said functional trait of interest. Also disclosed is a process of producing hybrid seeds for agriculture.

Abstract: A set of at least two different protein conjugate preparations, each protein conjugate preparation comprising histidine as a buffering agent and a protein conjugate comprising one or more immunoglobulin moieties conjugated to a carrier protein; wherein the immunoglobulin moieties of each element of said set of protein conjugate preparation have identical complementarity determining regions (CDRs); and wherein different protein conjugate preparations differ in that the immunoglobulin moieties of the protein conjugates have different CDRs.

Abstract: A process of producing a transgenic multi-cellular plants or parts thereof expressing a trait of interest, said trait having a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, wherein said process comprises (i) producing a first plant or a cell thereof having in a first locus of a nuclear chromosome a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, (ii) producing a second plant or a cell thereof having in a second locus of a nuclear chromosome homologous to said nuclear chromosome of step (i), a second heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, and (iii) hybridising said first and said second plant or cells thereof to generate progeny exhibiting said functional trait of interest due to binding between a protein or polypeptide encoded by said first heterologous nucleotide sequence and a protein or polypeptide encoded by said second heterologous nucleotide

Abstract: A method of controlling a genetically-modified plant or plant cells, said method comprising the following steps: (a) providing a genetically-modified plant or plant cells, said plant or plant cells containing a heterologous nucleic add encoding a first polypeptide containing or consisting of a first fragment of a protein, (b) introducing a second polypeptide into cells of said genetically-modified plant or plant cells, said second polypeptide containing (i) a second fragment of said protein and (ii) a peptide sequence enabling the introduction of said second polypeptide into cells of said genetically-modified plant or plant cells, whereby said first fragment and said second fragment jointly generate a predetermined function of said protein only when jointly present.

Abstract: A method of controlling a genetically-modified multi-cellular organism or a part thereof, comprising the following steps: (a) providing a multi-cellular organism or a part thereof, whereby cells of said multi-cellular organism or said part contain a heterologous nucleic acid, (b) causing expression of a I protein from said heterologous nucleic acid in at least some of said cells, wherein said protein is capable of (i) leaving a cell and entering other cells of said multi-cellular organism or a part thereof, (ii) causing expression of said protein in cells containing said heterologous nucleic acid, and optionally (iii) controlling a cellular process of interest.

Abstract: A process of producing a protein of interest by expression of said protein of interest from a sequence of interest in a plant or in plant leaves, comprising: (a) transfecting said plant or said plant leaves by infiltrating said plant or said plant leaves with an Agrobacterium strain in the presence of a complementing factor, said Agrobacterium strain containing in T-DNA a heterologous DNA sequence having a sequence portion encoding a replicon, wherein said sequence encoding a replicon contains sequences necessary for replicon function of said replicon, said sequences being derived from a plant virus, and said sequence of interest to be expressed from said replicon, (b) optionally isolating said protein of interest from said plant or said plant leaves infiltrated in step (a), wherein said Agrobacterium strain is provided with a first genetic modification rendering said Agrobacterium strain defective for transfecting organisms with said T-DNA in the absence of said complementing factor.

Abstract: A process of causing a targeted integration of DNA of interest into a plant cell nuclear genome, comprising; i) providing plant cells with an amplification vector, or a precursor thereof, capable of autonomous replication in plant cells, said vector comprising; a) DNA sequence(s) encoding an origin of replication functional in plant cells, b) DNA sequence(s) necessary for site-specific and/or homologous recombination between the vector and a host nuclear DNA, and c) optionally, further DNA of interest; ii) optionally providing conditions that facilitate vector amplification and/or cell to cell movement and/or site-specific and/or homologous recombination, and iii) selecting cells having undergone recombination at a predetermined site in the plant nuclear DNA.

Abstract: A method of controlling a genetically-modified plant, comprising (a) providing a genetically-modified plant, whereby cells of said genetically-modified plant contain a heterologous nucleic acid and whereby said genetically-modified plant is inactive with regard to a cellular process of interest, (b) switching on said cellular process of interest by directly introducing a polypeptide from a cell-free composition into cells containing said heterologous nucleic acid wherein said polypeptide and said heterologous nucleic acid are mutually adapted such that said polypeptide is capable of switching on said cellular process of interest.

Abstract: A process of inserting a nucleic acid sequence of interest into an acceptor nucleic acid, comprising the following steps: amplifying by PCR a DNA comprising in the following order a sequence segment U, a nucleic acid sequence segment of known nucleotide sequence K2 and a nucleic acid sequence segment of known sequence K3 using a forward primer defining a first end of the amplified DNA and a reverse primer defining a second end of the amplified DNA, said reverse primer terminating at its 3?-end in a nucleotide sequence of nucleic acid sequence segment K3; treating the linear double-stranded DNA molecules contained in the PCR product obtained in the previous step with an exonuclease to obtain a single-stranded overhang at the first end of the DNA and a single-stranded overhang comprising nucleic acid segments K2 and K3 at the second end of the DNA; and annealing the product of the previous step to a linearized double-stranded acceptor nucleic acid having at a first end thereof a single-stranded overhang comp

Abstract: This invention provides a process of amplification and/or expression of a sequence of interest in a cell by providing for generating within the cell at least one amplicon by trans-splicing between an RNA sequence designed for being capable of trans-splicing and a target RNA, whereby the amplicon is capable of amplifying in the cell and capable of expressing a sequence of interest.

Abstract: A process of producing a protease in a plant or in plant cells, comprising (a) providing a plant comprising a heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a coding sequence encoding a fusion protein, said fusion protein comprising: an apoplast or plastid signal peptide; a SUMO protein or a derivative of a SUMO protein; and a zymogen of said protease, and (b) expressing said fusion protein.

Abstract: The invention describes virus-based amplification vectors for plants containing additional plant-specific internal ribosome entry site (IRES) element(s) allowing for a polycistronic translation and a cap-independent translation of: a) heterologous gene(s); b) whole viral genome or c) viral subgenomic RNAs. Said IRES elements are of plant viral origin, or they are isolated from other organisms or engineered using different synthesis procedures. Said IRES element(s) and said heterologous gene(s) are inserted into amplification vectors and allow for the expression of said heterologous gene(s) in the absence of additional viral promoters, in particular, said expression is achieved through cap-independent translation.

Abstract: A process of producing a transgenic multi-cellular plants or parts thereof expressing a trait of interest, said trait having a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, wherein said process comprises (i) producing a first plant or a cell thereof having in a first locus of a nuclear chromosome a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, (ii) producing a second plant or a cell thereof having in a second locus of a nuclear chromosome homologous to said nuclear chromosome of step (i), a second heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, and (iii) hybridising said first and said second plant or cells thereof to generate progeny exhibiting said functional trait of interest due to binding between a protein or polypeptide encoded by said first heterologous nucleotide sequence and a protein or polypeptide encoded by said second heterologous nucleotide

Abstract: A process of the production of a product of interest in an F1 seed obtained by a hybridization of a first and a second transgenic parental plant, said hybridization generating a genetic endowment in said F1 seed for said production by combining in said F1 seed first and second partial genetic endowments of said first and second transgenic parental plants, followed by isolating said product of interest from said F1 seed or a seedling thereof.

Abstract: Nucleic acid comprising or encoding an RNA replica comprising, in this order, the following segments (i) to (iii): i) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a potexvirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or a function-conservative variant thereof; ii) a nucleic acid sequence comprising: a) a potexvirus triple gene block or a function-conservative variant thereof and b) a sequence encoding a potexviral coat protein or a function-conservative variant thereof; or a sequence encoding a tobago viral movement protein; and iii) a heterologous nucleic acid sequence expressible from said replica in a plant or in plant tissue.

Abstract: This invention discloses a biologically safe process of causing amplification and/or expression of one or more nucleic acid sequences of interest in a plant, plant tissue, plant cell or cell culture, characterized in that a plant cell is provided with at least two precursor vectors designed for undergoing processing by site-specific recombination in said cell, whereby due to said processing said plant cell is endowed with at least one replicon which provide(s) for said amplification and/or expression.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of producing a genetically engineered transgenic organism, by (a) incorporating into the organism a functional DNA sequence that confers a trait on an organism and (b) incorporating into the organism a non-functional DNA sequence, wherein the non-functional DNA sequence encodes an information message using a predefined coding scheme, wherein the information message provides information about the functional DNA sequence, and the predefined coding scheme can be used to map a plurality of information messages into a plurality of non-functional DNA sequences and additionally, the functional and the non-functional DNA sequence are incorporated into the same chromosome of the organism.

Abstract: This invention describes a process for gene expression in plants utilizing translational vectors. Said translational vectors cause a gene of interest to be stably integrated into a transcriptionally active host genomic DNA such that the transcription of the gene of interest is controlled by a promoter of the host plant. Said translational vectors are preferably based on internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements that are of plant origin.

Abstract: A process of producing a transgenic multi-cellular plants or parts thereof expressing a trait of interest, said trait having a controlled distribution of said trait to progeny, wherein said process comprises (i) producing a first plant or a cell thereof having in a first locus of a nuclear chromosome a first heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a first fragment of a nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, (ii) producing a second plant or a cell thereof having in a second locus of a nuclear chromosome homologous to said nuclear chromosome of step (i), a second heterologous nucleotide sequence comprising a second fragment of the nucleotide sequence encoding said trait of interest, and (iii) hybridising said first and said second plant or cells thereof to generate progeny exhibiting said functional trait of interest due to binding between a protein or polypeptide encoded by said first heterologous nucleotide sequence and a protein or polypeptide encoded by said second heterologous nucleotide