Abstract: Disclosed are a method of calculating a cipher and an electronic device performing the method. The method of calculating the cipher according to an embodiment of the present invention includes reading predetermined secret information t and a first intermediate result based on the secret information t, generating a random value k, calculating a second intermediate result l using the secret information t and the random value k, and performing scalar point multiplication using the first intermediate result and the second intermediate result, wherein the first intermediate result is determined at a different time point from the calculating of the second intermediate result l and stored in a chip and/or memory included in the electronic device.

Abstract: Provided are a device and a method for generating an identification key by using a process variation in a semiconductor process. A semiconductor is manufactured by adjusting a gate side edge position of a contact such that a difference between a probability that a gate of a transistor is shorted from a drain or a source by the contact and a probability that the gate is not shorted is less than or equal to a predetermined threshold. When the manufactured semiconductor does not have a separate process, whether there is a short circuit between the gate and the drain or the source is stochastically generated by the process variation, whether there is a short circuit is detected through a reader, and an identification key is provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are an IC chip for preventing identification key leak and an authorization method thereof. An IC chip capable of performing a financial function includes: a PIN supply unit for supplying a PIN used for authorization when performing a financial function using the IC chip; and a blocking unit for physically blocking the gap between the PIN supply unit and an input-output interface when the PIN is supplied to the outside through the input-output interface at an initial access of the IC chip.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device and method for generating an identification key using a process variation in a via process, and specifically the device for generating an identification key may include a first node provided in a semiconductor chip, a second node which is formed in a different layer from the first node, a via which is electrically shorted to the first node, and which is formed between the first node and the second node, the overlap distance between the second node and the via, in a pattern layout of the semiconductor chip, being adjusted to a value that is less than a threshold according to a design rule that ensures that the first node and the second node are shorted by the via, and a reader which provides an identification key by identifying whether the first node and the second node are shorted due to the via.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating a hardware-based OTP which is impossible to duplicate. The apparatus for generating the OTP can comprise a PUF for generating a unique PIN. In addition, provided is a method which is used for 2-Factor authentication with the apparatus for generating the OTP and existing secure elements.

Abstract: Provided is a device for generating an identification key using a process variation during a manufacturing process of a conductive layer. The device for generating an identification key may include a conductive layer, which is disposed between a first node and a second node in a semiconductor chip, and which has a width that is at least a first threshold value but not more than a second threshold value, the first threshold value and the second threshold value being less than the minimum width according to the design rules that can ensure that the conductive layer is patterned such that the first node and the second node are electrically short-circuited, and a reader which provides an identification key by identifying if there is a short circuit between the first node and the second node.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating a digital value that may generate a random digital value, and guarantee time invariance of the generated digital value. The apparatus may include a digital value generator to generate a random digital value using semiconductor process variation, and a digital value freezing unit that may be connected to the digital value generator and fixed to one of a first state and a second state based on the generated digital value, to freeze the digital value.

Abstract: Terminal devices that perform machine-to-machine (M2M) communication may autonomously perform password authentication by autonomously generating a personal identity number (PIN) value, which is not exposed externally, using a physical unclonable function (PUF). A terminal apparatus that performs M2M communication may include a PUF embedded in the terminal apparatus to generate an authentication key for password authentication associated with the terminal apparatus, and an authentication unit to perform the password authentication associated with the terminal apparatus using the authentication key generated by the PUF.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating a digital value that may generate a random digital value, and guarantee time invariance of the generated digital value. The apparatus may include a digital value generator to generate a random digital value using semiconductor process variation, and a digital value freezing unit that may be connected to the digital value generator and fixed to one of a first state and a second state based on the generated digital value, to freeze the digital value.

Abstract: Provided is an information processing apparatus including a physical unclonable function (PUF) to generate a unique key using a process variation in a semiconductor manufacturing process, and an encryption unit to encrypt a password and/or bio-information received from a user using the unique key.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for testing randomness of a digital value and processing the digital value. The digital value may include first bit sequences generated by a physically unclonable function (PUF). A grouping unit may generate a plurality of groups by segmenting the first bit sequence, and a processing unit may calculate a second bit sequence from the plurality of groups by performing a logical operation.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating digital values to provide a random digital value. The apparatus may generate the digital value based on a semiconductor process variation. The apparatus may include a generating unit to generate a plurality of digital values, based on the semiconductor process variation, and a processing unit to process the digital values and to provide a first digital value. The generating unit may include a plurality of physically unclonable functions (PUFs). A parameter may be differently applied to the PUFs, and the PUFs may generate the digital values.

Abstract: Provided are a security device and a method for operating same. The security device may conceal an encryption key used for an encryption algorithm in an encryption module in correspondence to security attacks such as reading information on where the encryption key is stored in a memory by disassembling an IC chip, or extracting said information through microprobing. The encryption key may be included as a physical encryption key module in an encryption module, and a certain storage medium for storing the encryption key may be included in the encryption module. Accordingly, the encryption key is not transmitted via a bus in a security device for encryption.

Abstract: A security system capable of preventing a security attack/threat on a vehicle network is provided. At least one security zone is set by using a risk level which is evaluated for a plurality of vehicle functional elements. In addition, a security countermeasure corresponding to the risk level of the security zone can be provided to a conduit of the security zone so as to perform gate keeping.

Abstract: Provided are a security device and a method for operating same. The security device may conceal an encryption key used for an encryption algorithm in an encryption module in correspondence to security attacks such as reading information on where the encryption key is stored in a memory by disassembling an IC chip, or extracting said information through microprobing. The encryption key may be included as a physical encryption key module in an encryption module, and a certain storage medium for storing the encryption key may be included in the encryption module. Accordingly, the encryption key is not transmitted via a bus in a security device for encryption.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating an identification key by a probabilistic determination of a short occurring between nodes constituting a circuit, by violating a design rule provided during a semiconductor manufacturing process. The identification key generating apparatus may include an identification key generator to generate an identification key based on whether a contact or a via used to electrically connect conductive layers in a semiconductor chip shorts the conductive layers, and an identification key reader to read the identification key by reading whether the contact or the via shorts the conductive layers.

Abstract: Provided is a security communication method of a terminal device. A first authentication unit of the terminal device identifies a first subscriber to connect a first communication network. A second authentication unit of the terminal device exclusively operates with the first authentication unit, and identifies a second subscriber to connect a second communication network which is different from the first communication network. When the second subscriber is identified, at least one external communication module of the terminal device can be inactive.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating an identification key by a probabilistic determination of a short occurring between nodes constituting a circuit, by violating a design rule provided during a semiconductor manufacturing process. The identification key generating apparatus may include an identification key generator to generate an identification key based on whether a contact or a via used to electrically connect conductive layers in a semiconductor chip shorts the conductive layers, and an identification key reader to read the identification key by reading whether the contact or the via shorts the conductive layers.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for generating a digital value that may generate a random digital value, and guarantee time invariance of the generated digital value. The apparatus may include a digital value generator to generate a random digital value using semiconductor process variation, and a digital value freezing unit that may be connected to the digital value generator and fixed to one of a first state and a second state based on the generated digital value, to freeze the digital value.

Abstract: Provided is an information processing apparatus including a physical unclonable function (PUF) to generate a unique key using a process variation in a semiconductor manufacturing process, and an encryption unit to encrypt a password and/or bio-information received from a user using the unique key.