Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be used for transmission of one or more DCI, CSI-RS and/or CSI reports. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a DCI that includes information indicating two channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources and four CSI reporting resources. Each CSI-RS resource may be associated with two CSI reporting resources. The WTRU may monitor a first CSI-RS resource for a CSI-RS. If the WTRU does not identify the CSI-RS in the first CSI-RS resource, the WTRU may monitor a second CSI-RS resource for the CSI-RS. The WTRU may receive the CSI-RS on the first CSI-RS resource or the second CSI-RS resource. The WTRU may determine availabilities of the first and/or the second CSI reporting resource associated with the CSI-RS resource on which the WTRU received the CSI-RS. The WTRU may transmit a CSI report on an available CSI reporting resource.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a downlink transmission and send a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission in each resource block (RB) of an interlace of a plurality of RBs in an active bandwidth part (BWP). A base sequence is mapped to the PUCCH transmission repetitively, once to each RB of the plurality of RBs of the interlace, using a different cyclic shift of the base sequence for each RB. Each different cyclic shift of the base sequence in the PUCCH transmission to each RB is a function of a RB index of the respective RB. The PUCCH transmission indicates either an acknowledgement (ACK) or a negative ACK (NACK) of the received downlink transmission.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed herein associated with transmission of demodulation reference signals (DMRS) in wireless systems. DMRS symbols may be placed in a slot for channel estimation operations. For example, channel estimation performance may be enhanced based on using an increased number of DMRS symbols. Channel estimation enhancements may be performed by transmitting DMRS symbols in an extended slot, for example, to avoid data degradation (e.g., which may result from replacing data transmission symbols with DMRS symbols). An extended slot may be a slot that includes symbols spanning across multiple slots (e.g., two slots, consecutive slots), for example, such as a slot n and a slot n+1.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for communication by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) associated with a source cell. The WTRU is configured with a conditional reconfiguration which includes a trigger condition and a configured target cell. The WTRU detects an occurrence of an impairment event resulting in impairment to operation of the WTRU in the source cell. If the impairment event satisfies the trigger condition, a reconfiguration is performed with the configured target cell. If the impairment event does not satisfy the trigger condition, a target cell is selected based on a cell selection procedure, and if the WTRU is configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the selected target cell, a reconfiguration is performed with the selected target cell; and if the WTRU is not configured with a conditional reconfiguration for the target cell, a reestablishment is performed with the selected target cell.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods for a backscatter measurement based multiple RACH preamble transmissions are disclosed. A WTRU may receive a JCS-RS configuration comprising a minimum RACH preamble retransmission interval. The JCS-RS configuration may comprise a JCS backscatter power fraction (?) of the WTRU transmit power (PTx). The WTRU may transmit a RACH preamble in a RACH occasion corresponding to a preferred SS/PBCH Index using an initial WTRU transmit beam, having an associated first RA-RNTI value. The backscatter power (PBS) may be measured using the WTRU receive beam corresponding to the WTRU transmit beam used for the RACH preamble transmission. On a condition that PBS>?PTx, the WTRU may retransmit the RACH preamble after a retransmission interval, on resources associated with a second RA-RNTI value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described herein for improved efficiency of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) transmitting transport blocks (TBs). A WTRU may receive configuration information including uplink resources associated with one or more repetition bundles and a target number of retransmissions for a transport block (TB) associated with at least one hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) process. Then, the WTRU may transmit a first TB using a first uplink resource in a first repetition bundle based on the configuration information. Further, the WTRU may increment a retransmission counter. On a condition that the retransmission counter is less than the target number of retransmissions, the WTRU may determine a second uplink resource. Further, the WTRU may retransmit the first TB in the determined second uplink resource. Also, the WTRU may further increment the retransmission counter. Moreover, the first, second and third uplink resources may be physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources.

Abstract: Method and WTRU enabled for service continuity using WTRU-to-WTRU relays. A relay path may be modeled as an SLRB, RLC leg of an SLRB, and/or a MAC logical channel. The WTRU adds a path for a destination based on configured/usable relays. The WTRU may associate an end-to-end L2 destination ID with one or more path L2 destination IDs or path IDs. Upper layers select one or more paths for transmission of a packet/bearer. The WTRU may send a relay announcement message containing path connectivity information. A WTRU may select a path for transmission based on properties associated with a sidelink. The WTRU may activate/deactivate an SL bearer, unicast link, L2 destination, and/or RLC Leg. The WTRU changes a bearer associated with an SLRB from an established RLC entity to another established RLC entity.

Abstract: A method, system and apparatus are described for implementing a tiered SSB framework for radar coexistence. A tiered-SSB based radio resource management may be implemented. Tiered-SSB based radio resource management are implemented in downlink and/or uplink.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, architectures and interfaces for performing secure command and control (C2) communications in an Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) including a UAV controller (UAV-C) are provided. The method includes on condition that the UAV has completed a registration procedure with a network, transmitting, to a session management function (SMF) of the network, a packet data unit (PDU) session establishment request message; performing a secondary authentication, with any of the USS and the UTM, via the SMF; receiving a PDU session establishment accept message including C2 security information; and establishing C2 communications security with the peer UAV-C using the C2 security information.

Abstract: Delivery mode switching between unicast and multicast/broadcast is described. A WTRU may move from a RAN node that supports multimedia broadcast/multicast service (MBMS) session to one that does not support MBMS session, or vice versa. In order to avoid duplicated packet transmission, the unicast delivery mode may be deactivated when the WTRU decides to use multi-cast/broadcast session. When the multicast/broadcast session is not available, the WTRU may re-activate the unicast delivery mode for MBMS. For example, the PDU session for unicast delivery mode deactivation may be released and the PDU session for unicast delivery mode reactivation may be re-established. Such activity may necessitate additional signaling between WTRU and the network for PDU session establishment/release and all other services running in the PDU session may be interrupted.

Abstract: A method and device for power savings on a dormant secondary cell group are disclosed. In an approach, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from a network, a report configuration to report a channel quality indicator to a master cell group, MCG, or a secondary cell group, SCG, based on the received configuration (e.g. comprising different periodicities in order to report the CQI). In an approach, the channel quality indicator may be transmitted with a decreasing regularity. In an approach, the channel quality indicator may be transmitted with a period (periodicity) that depends on a discontinuous reception status of the MCG. In an approach, the channel quality indicator may be transmitted depending on a presence of high priority data (e.g. number of DCIs received, preemption indication, LCH priority; PDCCH).

Abstract: A method addressing handover procedure failure or cancellation includes receiving, by a remote wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) connected to a source NodeB, a handover command to begin a handover procedure to establish a connection with a target NodeB on a network. A method may further include, on a condition that the handover procedure fails, transmitting, by a relay TRU, a handover failure/cancellation indication to the remote WTRU and cancelling, by the remote WTRU, the handover procedure. A method may also include initiating, by the remote WTRU, a radio resource control (RRC) re-establishment procedure to connect with the source NodeB or a new NodeB.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described for QoS procedures supporting verticals in wireless systems. Data flows may combine or remap for QoS remapping conditions or state transitions. Data flow remapping may be indicated by triggering a B SR/SR or by multiplexing in the PDU. A non-default set of LCP parameters may be applied for an LCH after a QoS state transition, QoS remapping trigger, or LCP parameter suspension/override. A WTRU may operate according to a QoS adaptation state corresponding to a set of parameter values for a group of data flows, radio bearers, and/or logical channels. A WTRU may transition between QoS adaptation states. An RRC configuration and/or a MAC function may adapt to changing QoS requirement(s). QoS requirement(s) may adapt to changing MAC functions. QoS may be associated with survival time(s). QoS may adapt to higher layer indications. Packet forwarding may adapt to QFI in DL for QoS state changes.

Abstract: A method for achieving an end-to-end quality of service (QoS) performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include receiving a protocol data unit (PDU) and an excess time indication from a source WTRU, and determining an expected latency for a next hop link based on a measure of channel load. It may also include dynamically determining a next hop latency budget based on the received excess time indication and the expected latency and determining resources for transmitting the received PDU based on the determined next hop latency budget. If the resources are available, the received PDU may be transmitted on the next hop using the determined resources.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described herein for enabling service continuity between standalone non-public network (SNPN) and a public land mobile network (PLMN). A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may enable service continuity, for example, by triggering a temporary leave of the WTRU from a serving SNPN to prepare a pre-established backup user plane (UP) connection in a PLMN. A network may enable service continuity, for example, by triggering a temporary leave of a WTRU from a serving SNPN to prepare a pre-established backup UP connection in a PLMN. A WTRU may switch back to SNPN from PLMN, for example, using an SNPN priority search mode and/or other WTRU behavior(s).

Abstract: There may be one or more systems, methods, and/or devices that address a relay wireless communication scenario. For example, in such a scenario, there may be at least three entities, a remote a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may need to communicate with a network node (e.g., gNB) and/or another WTRU that it cannot directly communicate with. This remote WTRU may communicate with a relay WTRU in order to communicate with the ultimate destination (e.g., another WTRU or a network node). The use of a relay may require establishment and configuration of one or more entities involved.

Abstract: The WTRU may monitor for a downlink transmission in a first monitoring occasion of a first search space. The first monitoring occasion of the first search space may be associated with a first monitoring occasion pattern. The WTRU may monitor for the downlink transmission in a second monitoring occasion of a second search space. The second monitoring occasion of the second search space may be associated with a second monitoring occasion pattern. The first search space and the second search space may belong to a search space subset. The WTRU may receive the downlink transmission in the second monitoring occasion of the second search space. The downlink transmission may include a skipping indication. Based on the WTRU receiving the skipping indication in the downlink transmission in the second monitoring occasion of the second search space, the WTRU may apply skipping to the second search space and the first search space.

Abstract: A method for setting up a multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) device-to-device (D2D) communication is disclosed. An application function (AF) in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may identify a group of multiple radio access technology (multi-RAT) capable WTRUs to a policy control function (PCF), wherein one or more multi-RAT capable WTRUs of the group of multi- RAT capable WTRUs register as having enhanced device-to-device (ED2D) functionality. The AF may select a multi-RAT capable WTRU from the group of multi-RAT capable WTRUs having ED2D functionality, as a relay for extended D2D operation. The device with ED2D function will act as Relay for ED2D (RED2D). The PCF may then reconfigure the RED2D with group related information. The RED2D may then configure D2D communication among the group of multi-RAT capable WTRUs.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are described herein that may be associated with new radio (NR) vehicular communication (V2X) sidelink power saving for unicast and groupcast. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive a message. The message may indicate a set of configuration groups and/or one or more suitability selection parameters. The WTRU may receive, from a second WTRU, a first indication. The first indication may indicate that the second WTRU is associated with a first configuration group and a first priority group. The first WTRU may receive, from a third WTRU, a second indication. The second indication may indicate that the third WTRU is associated with a second configuration group and a second priority value. The first WTRU may select a configuration group from the set of configuration groups based on the first indication and the second indication.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information that indicates resources on which channel assessments are to be performed. The configuration information may indicate a first set of resources associated with a first subband. The first subband may be associated with a first beam. The configuration information may indicate a second set of resources associated with a second subband. The second subband may be associated with a second beam. The WTRU may perform first channel assessments (e.g., first periodic channel assessments) using the first set of resources. The WTRU may perform second channel assessments (e.g., second periodic channel assessments) using the second set of resources. The WTRU may receive a request message to report channel assessment outcomes. Based on the request message, the WTRU may send the channel assessment outcomes. The first subband may be indicated as available. The WTRU may monitor a transmission using the first subband.