Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining a human identification by analyzing DNA in a biological sample. DNA in the biological sample selectively binds to one or more probes in an array of probes within a DNA authentication cell. The array of probes is genetically designed to match a pattern of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DNA of a particular individual or a group of individuals. A microcontroller receives the results of the DNA analysis from the DNA authentication cell and determines whether the biological sample matches or does not non-match the particular individual or group of individuals for which the array of probes was designed. An indication of the match or non-match is displayed to a user and optionally is transmitted to a remote computer using one or more wired or wireless communication networks.