Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample has an excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic signals in the sample at an excitation location; an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic signals; an optical system that focuses at least one of the excitation beam and the interrogation beam with a focal point that is below the surface of the sample; and a detector that detects the returning portion of the interrogation beam.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus may be used for histological and/or molecular imaging of a tissue sample. An imaging apparatus may include one or more light sources that generate one or more excitation beams directed toward an excitation location being focused on the sample to generate signals in the sample and one or more interrogation beams directed toward a detection location such that a portion of the one or more interrogation beams returning from the sample is indicative of at least some of the generated signals. An imaging apparatus may include a photodetector configured to detect radiative signals from the sample. An imaging apparatus may generate an image of the sample using only pressure (photoacoustic) signals, only temperature (photothermal) signals, and/or both photoacoustic and photothermal signals from the generated signals.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising one or more laser sources configured to generate a plurality of excitation beams configured to generate pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and a plurality of interrogation beams incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the plurality of interrogation beams returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the plurality of excitation beams at a first focal point and the plurality of interrogation beams at a second focal point, the first and second focal points being below the surface of the sample, and a plurality of detectors each configured to detect a returning portion of at least one of the plurality of interrogation beams.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus may be used for histological and/or molecular imaging of a tissue sample. An imaging apparatus may include one or more light sources that generate one or more excitation beams directed toward an excitation location being focused on the sample to generate signals in the sample and one or more interrogation beams directed toward a detection location such that a portion of the one or more interrogation beams returning from the sample is indicative of at least some of the generated signals. An imaging apparatus may include a photodetector configured to detect radiative signals from the sample. An imaging apparatus may generate an image of the sample using only pressure (photoacoustic) signals, only temperature (photothermal) signals, and/or both photoacoustic and photothermal signals from the generated signals.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus may be used for histological and/or molecular imaging of a tissue sample. An imaging apparatus may include one or more light sources that generate one or more excitation beams directed toward an excitation location being focused on the sample to generate signals in the sample and one or more interrogation beams directed toward a detection location such that a portion of the one or more interrogation beams returning from the sample is indicative of at least some of the generated signals. An imaging apparatus may include a photodetector configured to detect radiative signals from the sample. An imaging apparatus may generate an image of the sample using only pressure (photoacoustic) signals, only temperature (photothermal) signals, and/or both photoacoustic and photothermal signals from the generated signals.

Abstract: A method of visualizing details in a sample may comprise generating radiative and non-radiative signals in the sample at an excitation location using an excitation beam, interrogating the sample with an interrogation beam directed toward the excitation location of the sample, and detecting light from the sample. The excitation beam may be focused below a surface of the sample. The interrogation beam may be focused below the surface of the sample. The detected light may include a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample. The detected light may be indicative of the generated radiative an non-radiative signals.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising exactly one laser source configured to generate a pulsed or intensity-modulated excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the excitation beam and the interrogation beam below a surface of the sample, a detector configured to detect the returning portion of the interrogation beam, and a processor configured to calculate an image of the sample based on a detected intensity modulation of the returning portion of the interrogation beam from below the surface of the sample.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising one or more laser sources configured to generate a plurality of excitation beams configured to generate pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and a plurality of interrogation beams incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the plurality of interrogation beams returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the plurality of excitation beams at a first focal point and the plurality of interrogation beams at a second focal point, the first and second focal points being below the surface of the sample, and a plurality of detectors each configured to detect a returning portion of at least one of the plurality of interrogation beams.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising one or more laser sources configured to generate a plurality of excitation beams configured to generate pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and a plurality of interrogation beams incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the plurality of interrogation beams returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the plurality of excitation beams at a first focal point and the plurality of interrogation beams at a second focal point, the first and second focal points being below the surface of the sample, and a plurality of detectors each configured to detect a returning portion of at least one of the plurality of interrogation beams.

Abstract: A method for visualizing details in a sample including directing an excitation beam to an excitation location below a surface of the sample, to generate signals in the sample; directing an interrogation beam toward the excitation location of the sample; directing a signal enhancement beam to the sample, to raise a temperature of a portion of the sample by 5 Kelvin or less, compared to a temperature of the portion of the sample in absence of the signal enhancement beam; detecting a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated signals.

Abstract: A method for visualizing details in a sample including directing an excitation beam to an excitation location below a surface of the sample, to generate signals in the sample; directing an interrogation beam toward the excitation location of the sample; directing a signal enhancement beam to the sample, to raise a temperature of a portion of the sample by 5 Kelvin or less, compared to a temperature of the portion of the sample in absence of the signal enhancement beam; detecting a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated signals.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising exactly one laser source configured to generate a pulsed or intensity-modulated excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the excitation beam and the interrogation beam below a surface of the sample, a detector configured to detect the returning portion of the interrogation beam, and a processor configured to calculate an image of the sample based on a detected intensity modulation of the returning portion of the interrogation beam from below the surface of the sample.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (NI-PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, has an excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic signals in the sample at an excitation location; an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic signals; an optical system that focuses at least one of the excitation beam and the interrogation beam with a focal point that is below the surface of the sample; and a detector that detects the returning portion of the interrogation beam.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising exactly one laser source configured to generate a pulsed or intensity-modulated excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the excitation beam and the interrogation beam below a surface of the sample, a detector configured to detect the returning portion of the interrogation beam, and a processor configured to calculate an image of the sample based on a detected intensity modulation of the returning portion of the interrogation beam from below the surface of the sample.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (NI-PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, has an excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic signals in the sample at an excitation location; an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic signals; an optical system that focuses at least one of the excitation beam and the interrogation beam with a focal point that is below the surface of the sample; and a detector that detects the returning portion of the interrogation beam.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample has an excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic signals in the sample at an excitation location; an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic signals; an optical system that focuses at least one of the excitation beam and the interrogation beam with a focal point that is below the surface of the sample; and a detector that detects the returning portion of the interrogation beam.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample has an excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic signals in the sample at an excitation location; an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic signals; an optical system that focuses at least one of the excitation beam and the interrogation beam with a focal point that is below the surface of the sample; and a detector that detects the returning portion of the interrogation beam.

Abstract: A method for visualizing details in a sample including directing an excitation beam to an excitation location below a surface of the sample, to generate signals in the sample; directing an interrogation beam toward the excitation location of the sample; directing a signal enhancement beam to the sample, to raise a temperature of a portion of the sample by 5 Kelvin or less, compared to a temperature of the portion of the sample in absence of the signal enhancement beam; detecting a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated signals.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system (PARS) for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising one or more laser sources configured to generate a plurality of excitation beams configured to generate pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and a plurality of interrogation beams incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the plurality of interrogation beams returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the plurality of excitation beams at a first focal point and the plurality of interrogation beams at a second focal point, the first and second focal points being below the surface of the sample, and a plurality of detectors each configured to detect a returning portion of at least one of the plurality of interrogation beams.

Abstract: A photoacoustic remote sensing system for imaging a subsurface structure in a sample, comprising exactly one laser source configured to generate a pulsed or intensity-modulated excitation beam configured to generate ultrasonic pressure signals in the sample at an excitation location, and an interrogation beam incident on the sample at the excitation location, a portion of the interrogation beam returning from the sample that is indicative of the generated ultrasonic pressure signals, an optical system configured to focus the excitation beam and the interrogation beam below a surface of the sample, a detector configured to detect the returning portion of the interrogation beam, and a processor configured to calculate an image of the sample based on a detected intensity modulation of the returning portion of the interrogation beam from below the surface of the sample.