Abstract: A method of determining parameter values used in impedance analysis of a subject. The method includes using a processing system to determine a number of impedance measurements at a corresponding number of frequencies. The impedance measurements are used to determine estimates of parameter values, with the estimates being used to determine theoretical impedance values based on the parameter value estimates. The theoretical impedance values are compared to the measured impedance values to allow a modification direction to be determined for at least one of the parameter value estimates. This is then used to modify at least one parameter value estimate, with the parameter values being determined at least in part from one or more modified parameter value estimates.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in performing impedance measurements on a subject, the apparatus including a probe having a plurality of electrodes, the probe being configured to allow at least some of the electrodes to be in contact with at least part of the subject and a processing system for, determining at least one first impedance value, measured at a site using a first electrode configuration, determining at least one second impedance value, measured at the site using a second electrode configuration and determining an indicator indicative of the presence, absence or degree of an anomaly using the first and second impedance values.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in performing impedance measurements on a subject, wherein the apparatus includes a processing system for, at each of three frequencies, determining first and second parameter values for first and second impedance parameters relating to the impedance of at least one body segment of the subject, solving simultaneous equations representing a circle defined with respect to the first and second impedance parameters to thereby determine circle parameter values, the equations being solved using the first and second parameter values at each of the three frequencies, using the circle parameter values to determine a third impedance parameter value at a respective frequency and using the third impedance parameter value to determine an indicator indicative of relative fluid levels within the body segment of the subject.

Abstract: A method for use in analysing impedance measurements performed on a subject, the method including, in a processing system determining at least one impedance value, representing the impedance of at least a segment of the subject, determining an indicator indicative of a subject parameter using the at least one impedance value and a reference and displaying a representation of the indicator.

Abstract: Apparatus for performing impedance measurements on a subject. The apparatus includes a first processing system for determining an impedance measurement procedure and determining instructions corresponding to the measurement procedure. A second processing system is provided for receiving the instructions, using the instructions to generate control signals, with the control signals being used to apply one or more signals to the subject. The second processing system then receives first data indicative of the one or more signals applied to the subject, second data indicative of one or more signals measured across the subject and performs at least preliminary processing of the first and second data to thereby allow impedance values to be determined.

Abstract: A method of performing impedance measurements on a subject. The method includes using a processing system to determine at least one impedance measurement to be performed, and at one electrode arrangement associated with the determined measurement. A representation of the arrangement is displayed so the impedance measurement can be performed once the electrodes have been arranged in accordance with the displayed representation.

Abstract: A method for use in performing impedance measurements on a subject. The method includes, in a processing system, determining at least one first impedance value, measured at a site using a first electrode configuration, determining at least one second impedance value, measured at the site using a second electrode configuration, and determining the presence, absence or degree of an anomaly using the first and second impedance values.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in performing impedance measurements on a subject. The apparatus includes a processing system for causing a first signal to be applied to the subject, determining an indication of a second signal measured across the subject, using the indication of the second signal to determine any imbalance and if an imbalance exists, determining a modified first signal in accordance with the imbalance and causing the modified first signal to be applied to the subject to thereby allow at least one impedance measurement to be performed.

Abstract: A method for determining biological indicators, the method including, in a processing system causing at least one radiation attenuation measurement to be performed and determining at least one first biological indicator using determined radiation attenuation. In addition to this, method includes causing at least one impedance measurement to be performed and determining at least one second biological indicator using a determined impedance measurement.

Abstract: A probe for use in performing impedance measurements on a subject. The probe includes a housing for being held by an operator in use, a contact surface for contacting the subject and a connector for connecting the contact surface to a measuring device.

Abstract: In various embodiments, applicants' teachings are related to an active guarding circuit and method for reducing parasitic impedance signal loading on a signal-transmission channel that is shunted by a parasitic impedance. The presence of an electrical signal on the signal-transmission channel causes a leakage current to flow through the parasitic impedance. In various embodiments, the circuit comprises an amplifier and an impedance, one terminal of the impedance is coupled to the signal-transmission channel. The input of the amplifier is coupled to the signal-transmission channel and the output is coupled to the other terminal of the impedance so as to cause a compensation current to flow through the impedance. The gain of the amplifier and the value of the impedance are selected so that the compensation current has a magnitude substantially equal to the leakage current magnitude.

Abstract: A method for performing impedance measurements on a subject. The method includes, in a processing system, causing at least one electrical signal to be applied to the subject via first leads operatively connected to first electrodes provided on the subject, determining a first indication indicative of at least one first electrical signal measured via second leads operatively disconnected from second electrodes positioned on the subject, determining a second indication indicative of at least one second electrical signal measured via second leads operatively connected to second electrodes positioned on the subject, and determining from the indications and the at least one applied signal, at least one instantaneous impedance value.

Abstract: Impedance analysis can be used to measure calf muscle pump (CMP) function in a patient. This may be done by applying electrical signals via a first set of electrodes, and measuring the impedance via a second set of electrodes. The change in impedance as the patient undergoes calf extension or exercise may be measured, and the change in impedance may then be used to assess CMP function. The change in impedance may be used to determine an indicator indicative of the volume of blood ejected by the CMP.

Abstract: A method of determining parameter values used in impedance analysis of a subject. The method includes using a processing system to determine a number of impedance measurements at a corresponding number of frequencies. The impedance measurements are used to determine estimates of parameter values, with the estimates being used to determine theoretical impedance values based on the parameter value estimates. The theoretical impedance values are compared to the measured impedance values to allow a modification direction to be determined for at least one of the parameter value estimates. This is then used to modify at least one parameter value estimate, with the parameter values being determined at least in part from one or more modified parameter value estimates.