Abstract: A pulsar-based timing and lateration system includes a detector system. In according with certain embodiments, the detector system includes a plurality of detectors, each one configured for detecting X-ray photons and generating output signals according to the X-ray photons detected, and an electronics unit for receiving and analyzing the output signals from the detectors. The electronics unit includes a processor for analyzing the output signals received from the detectors. A first detector is aimed toward a first pulsar such that the X-ray photons detected at the first detector includes pulsar signals from the first pulsar. The processor includes a memory for storing a library of data related to electromagnetic emissions of known pulsars. The processor isolates the pulsar signals from the first pulsar, and determines position and velocity of the system by comparing the isolated pulsar signals to the library of data.