Abstract: Provided are graphite particles which can use carbon dioxide as a raw material and can be used as an electrode material. As to graphite particles, an interplanar spacing d 002 based on a diffraction peak corresponding to a lattice plane (002) being measured by a powder X-ray diffraction method is 0.3355 nm or more and 0.3370 nm or less, a primary particle diameter is 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, a value of 50% of an integrated value in number base particle diameter distribution (a mean particle diameter) is a secondary particle diameter (d50), the secondary particle diameter (d50) is 0.15 ?m or more and 1.6 ?m or less, and a specific surface area (BET) being calculated from a nitrogen-adsorption amount at 77 K is 10 m2/g or more and 400 m2/g or less.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing graphite particles using carbon dioxide as a raw material and which enables the graphite particles to be used as an electrode material. The method includes: (a) preparing an electrolytic bath which includes molten salt containing carbonate ions; (b) locating a cathode in a vicinity of a surface of the electrolytic bath outside the electrolytic bath; (c) locating an anode in the electrolytic bath; (d) reducing the carbonate ions by generating electric discharge between the cathode and the surface of the electrolytic bath and performing energization by applying a voltage for generating carbon particles between the anode and the cathode; (e) collecting the carbon particles together with the molten salt and removing cooled and solidified salt by water washing; and (f) graphitizing the carbon particles being obtained in (e) by heat treatment.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon dioxide electrolysis-carbon deposition/carbon fuel cell-integrated apparatus which enable interconversion between electric energy and chemical energy (electrodeposited carbon) through the use of an integrated electrochemical reaction system with a molten salt.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon dioxide electrolysis-carbon deposition/carbon fuel cell-integrated apparatus which enable interconversion between electric energy and chemical energy (electrodeposited carbon) through the use of an integrated electrochemical reaction system with a molten salt.

Abstract: A liquid transport apparatus includes: a U-shaped vessel for storing the liquid; an inverse conically shaped body which is hollow and has an opening part of an upper end and an opening part of a lower end; and a rotating disk driving motor part for rotating the inverse conically shaped body on an axis extending along a substantially vertical direction. The opening part of the lower end of the inverse conically shaped body is immersed in the liquid stored in the U-shaped vessel. In the liquid transport apparatus, an overflow opening part for keeping constant a distance between the opening part of the lower end of the inverse conically shaped body and a surface of the liquid stored in the U-shaped vessel is formed.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing fine metal particles, wherein metal oxide powders can be used as a source of fine metal particles, and a method for producing fine metal particles can be provided avoiding the contamination of the molten salt electrolyte bath and the produced fine metal particles. A method for producing fine metal particles (112) is provided which comprises generating cathodic discharge outside and over the surface of an electrolyte bath (100) comprising metal oxide powders (110) suspended therein, whereby the metal oxide powders (110) are electrochemically reduced into the fine metal particles (112).

Abstract: Dense carbon films are deposited on a conductive substrate by placing the substrate acting as anode in a molten salt electrolyte bath containing a source of carbide ion and applying DC current across the substrate and a counter electrode acting as cathode also placed in the molten salt electrolyte bath. The carbide ions are electrochemically oxidized to deposit a carbon film on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing fine metal particles, wherein metal oxide powders can be used as a source of fine metal particles, and a method for producing fine metal particles can be provided avoiding the contamination of the molten salt electrolyte bath and the produced fine metal particles. A method for producing fine metal particles (112) is provided which comprises generating cathodic discharge outside and over the surface of an electrolyte bath (100) comprising metal oxide powders (110) suspended therein, whereby the metal oxide powders (110) are electrochemically reduced into the fine metal particles (112).

Abstract: Dense carbon nitride films are electrochemically formed on a conductive substrate by placing the substrate acting as cathode in a molten salt electrolyte bath and applying DC current across the substrate and a counter electrode acting as anode also placed in the molten salt electrolyte bath. Carbonate ion and nitrate ion are concurrently reduced to deposit carbon nitride films on the substrate.

Abstract: Dense carbon films are deposited on a conductive substrate by placing the substrate acting as anode in a molten salt electrolyte bath containing a source of carbide ion and applying DC current across the substrate and a counter electrode acting as cathode also placed in the molten salt electrolyte bath. The carbide ions are electrochemically oxidized to deposit a carbon film on the surface of the substrate.

Abstract: To provide a method for forming a boron-containing thin film, by which a uniform boron thin film with good adhesion can be formed on the surface of a processing object, and also to provide a multilayer structure. An electrolysis apparatus includes an anode 1, a processing object 2 serving as a cathode, an electrolytic vessel 4, and a molten salt electrolytic bath 5. A variable power supply 6 is connected between the anode 1 and the processing object 2. The variable power supply 6 is configured to be capable of changing a voltage or current waveform during the electrolysis process. Current of an appropriate pulse waveform is applied in the molten salt for electrolysis to form a uniform boron thin film 3 within the processing object 2 having a complicated shape.