Abstract: When transmitting medium access control protocol data units for the high speed downlink shared channel over a plurality of hybrid automatic repeat request processes, one of the processes can be in a retransmission procedure. In this case, stalling of the transmission can occur, because the medium access control layer for the high speed downlink shared channel of the receiver apparatus (3) buffers the following packet data units, when a preceding protocol data unit is waiting in the stalled process. To enable an early processing of the already received data, the receiver apparatus determines, whether the next expected service data units for a higher layer such as a radio link control layer, are included in the already received packet data units by taking into account the sequence number for the higher layer. Therefore, the medium access control layer for the high speed downlink shared channel accesses the data of the service data unit for the higher layer.

Abstract: A developing-transferring module includes a sub frame which is detachably mounted to a main frame, a plurality of photosensitive units which are disposed inside the sub frame with a predetermined interval and includes a photosensitive body to which a developer is attached, and a intermediate transferring unit which are provided inside the sub frame disposed opposite the plurality of photosensitive units so that the developer of the photosensitive units can be primarily transferred thereto and secondarily transfers the primarily transferred developer to a record medium of the main frame.

Abstract: A method of generating a reference signal includes acquiring a base sequence and acquiring a reference signal sequence with a length N from the base sequence. Good PAPR/CM characteristics of the reference signal can be kept to enhance performance of data demodulation or uplink scheduling.

Abstract: To provide a semiconductor device having a structure in which a barrier metal film containing nitrogen is formed in a connection surface between a copper alloy wiring and a via, in which the electric resistance between the copper alloy wiring and the via can be prevented from rising, and the electric resistance can be prevented from varying. A semiconductor device according to the present invention comprises a first copper alloy wiring, a via and a first barrier metal film. The first copper alloy wiring is formed in an interlayer insulation film and contains a predetermined additive element in a main component Cu. The via is formed in an interlayer insulation film and electrically connected to the upper surface of the first copper alloy wiring. The first barrier metal film is formed so as to be in contact with the first copper alloy wiring in the connection part between the first copper alloy wiring and the via and contains nitrogen.

Abstract: A method of representing user tasks to be performed by one or more of a plurality of electronic devices in a task orchestration system. Each device includes therein a function description specifying a function that the device can perform. The function descriptions are obtained from one or more of the devices, task descriptions that describe device functionalities required for certain tasks are obtained, and task suggestion are generated based on the obtained device function descriptions and task descriptions. Each task suggestion represents a user task as an abstraction of on or more of the obtained device descriptions and task descriptions. The tasks suggestion are displayed on a display for the user to select from, wherein the user selected task suggestion is to be performed by orchestration (automation) of one or more of the devices based on task descriptions that use device functionalities described in the device function descriptions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of cleaning and after treatment of optical surfaces in an irradiation unit, said irradiation unit comprising a radiation source (1, 31) emitting EUV-radiation and/or soft X-rays, a first volume (40) following said radiation source (1, 31) and containing first optical components (3, 33) with said optical surfaces, and a second volume (41) following said first volume (40) and containing second optical components (38). The method comprises at least one cleaning step in which a first gas or gas mixture is brought into contact with said optical surfaces, thereby forming volatile compounds with contaminations deposited on said optical surfaces, wherein said compounds are pumped out of the first volume (40) together with the first gas or gas mixture.

Abstract: A mobile terminal including a sensing unit configured to detect a motion of the mobile terminal, and a controller configured to calculate at least one from a degree and a pattern of the terminal motion detected by the sensing unit, and to encrypt input data according to the calculated value.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for partitioning an object from an image, such that substantially the entire object is contained in the partitioned region, includes pre-setting a reference width for the object; extracting a shadow underneath the object from the image and determining a candidate region containing the object in the image based on the extracted shadow underneath an object in the image; acquiring an imaging width of the reference width at the location of the extracted shadow underneath the object in the image, and adjusting the candidate region based on the imaging width of the reference width such that the adjusted candidate region substantially completely contains the object; and partitioning the adjusted candidate region as a region containing the object from the image.

Abstract: A driving circuit of a light emitting diode (LED) includes a rectifier unit, a voltage-dividing circuit, a control unit, a voltage converter, a resistance and a capacitor. The rectifier unit rectifies an AC power to generate a first operation voltage. The voltage-dividing circuit generates a voltage-dividing signal. The control unit includes a regulating unit and a pulse width modulation (PWM) unit. An output terminal of the regulating unit is coupled to the PWM unit. The PWM unit outputs a PWM signal. The voltage converter adjusts a driving voltage and a driving current of the LED. The resistance is coupled between an output terminal of the regulating unit and a diode. The capacitor is coupled between a power input terminal of the regulating unit and a ground terminal. The PWM unit adjusts the PWM signal according to the voltage-dividing signal and a feedback signal output by the voltage converter.

Abstract: A stack package may include a substrate having first and second faces opposite each other and an opening formed therein. The first semiconductor chip may be mounted on the first face of the substrate and include a through electrode in the middle region of the first semiconductor chip that is exposed through the opening. The second semiconductor chip may be stacked on the first semiconductor chip and electrically connected to the first semiconductor chip by the through electrode of the first semiconductor chip. The circuit pattern may be formed on the second face of the substrate and include a bonding pad arranged adjacent to the opening and electrically connected to the through electrode of the first semiconductor chip through the opening, an outer connection pad spaced apart from the bonding pad and a connection wiring extending from the opening to the outer connection pad via the bonding pad.

Abstract: A level shift element adjusting a voltage level at the time of selection of a word line according to fluctuations in threshold voltage of a memory cell transistor is arranged for each word line. This level shift element lowers a driver power supply voltage, and transmits the level-shifted voltage onto a selected word line. The level shift element can be replaced with a pull-down element for pulling down the word line voltage according to the threshold voltage level of the memory cell transistor. In either case, the selected word line voltage level can be adjusted according to the fluctuations in threshold voltage of the memory cell transistor without using another power supply system. Thus, the power supply circuitry is not complicated, and it is possible to achieve a semiconductor memory device that can stably read and write data even with a low power supply voltage.

Abstract: A method and system communicates payload data over a plurality of low voltage differential signaling (LVDS) channels (50). First device (100) transmits the payload data and synchronization information to the second device (150) over N LVDS channels (50), along with a word clock synchronized to the payload data. The second device generates M LVDS receive clocks from the word clock, each having a same frequency that is P times a frequency of the word clock, and each having a different phase. Each of N LVDS receivers (160) of the second device (150): correlates the synchronization data with a reference word using each of the M LVDS receive clocks to produce a correlation value for each of the M LVDS receive clocks; selects a selected LVDS receive clock producing a greatest correlation value; and receives the payload data for the corresponding LVDS channel (50) using the selected LVDS receive clock.

Abstract: A light emitting device package capable of achieving an enhancement in light emission efficiency and a reduction in thermal resistance, and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method includes forming a mounting hole in a first substrate, forming through holes in a second substrate, forming a metal film in the through holes, forming at least one pair of metal layers on upper and lower surfaces of the second substrate such that the metal layers are electrically connected to the metal film, bonding the first substrate to the second substrate, and mounting at least one light emitting device in the mounting hole such that the light emitting device is electrically connected to the metal layers formed on the upper surface of the second substrate.

Abstract: A method of making a liquid crystal display having a display region and a non-display region, the method comprises forming a thin film transistor (“TFT”) having a drain electrode on an insulating substrate, forming an inorganic layer and an organic insulating layer sequentially on the TFT, forming an organic insulating layer pattern, by patterning the organic insulating layer, comprising a first organic layer hole to expose the inorganic layer on the drain electrode and a second organic layer hole formed along a circumference of the display region where the organic insulating layer is partially removed, removing the inorganic layer exposed through the first organic layer hole and the organic insulating layer remaining in the second organic layer hole, and forming a sealant in the second organic hole. The present invention thus provides a method of making an LCD to prevent a color filter substrate separating from a TFT substrate using fewer masks.

Abstract: An optical irradiation device incorporating a cluster of LEDs arranged so that shaped facets of adjacent LEDs come together to increase the packing density of LEDs in the cluster. A light guide collects light emitted by the LEDs. Two or more light guides and LED clusters may be arranged in series to produce a single light beam. A heat pipe is provided to conduct heat away from the LEDs. The heat pipe may be annular and contain an inner storage space for batteries or the like.

Abstract: A sensor signal processor apparatus having good characteristics and providing an easy and simple interface for various sensors. The sensor signal processor apparatus includes a current source, a sensor, a ramp integrator, a comparator, and a controller. The current source generates a constant current according to a preset value, and the sensor outputs a sensor voltage using the current from the current source. The ramp integrator generates and outputs an integral voltage according to an input command, and the comparator compares the sensor voltage of the sensor with the integral voltage of the ramp integrator and outputting a result of the comparison. The controller controls the generating and outputting of the integral voltage of the ramp integrator according to the comparison result of the comparator.

Abstract: An electrically erasable and programmable read only memory (EEPROM) device and a method of manufacturing the EEPROM device are provided. First and second gate structures having the same structure are formed on a tunnel insulating layer formed on a substrate, such that the first and second gate structures are spaced apart from each other. A common source region is formed at a portion of the substrate located between the first and second gate structures. First and second drain regions are formed at first and second portions of the substrate adjacent to the first and second gate structures, respectively. Thus, the EEPROM device is manufactured including first and second transistors that have the same structure and may alternately serve as a memory transistor and a selection transistor according to an applied signal.

Abstract: A light emitting diode of the present invention comprises a support frame, a shell, a light emitting diode chip and an encapsulating body. The shell is used to accommodate the support frame. The shell has a bowl-shaped structure and the bowl-shaped structure has two opposite first walls and two opposite second walls. The upper edge of the second wall is a concave-convex structure. The encapsulating body is used to package the bowl-shaped structure and the encapsulating body has a concave-convex structure similar to the concave-convex structure of the bowl-shaped structure. The concave-convex structure comprises a concave portion and a convex portion. The structure of the light emitting diode is simplified. The luminous intensity and the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting diode are enhanced and the thickness of the light emitting diode is not increased.