Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for estimating lung morphometry based on aerosol deposition characteristics using an imaging means such as a gamma camera to scan the lungs. An adaptive image threshold technique is used to determine the ratio of deposition in central to peripheral region of the lung (C/P ratio). The morphometric parameters such as length and diameter of distal lung airways (P8 and P9 respectively) and mean alveolar diameter (dalv) are determined from aerosol retention data and clearance data.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for achieving model compatibility in AI/ML based channel state information compression models in multi-antenna systems. An initial capability report is transmitted to a base station. An initial network configuration is received from the base station. An AI-specific AI/ML CSI capability report is transmitted to the base station. A CSI report configuration consisting of AI/ML model specific configuration parameters and CSI reporting parameters, and CSI-Reference signals are received from the base station. Parameters such as AI-CSI is computed based on the CSI report configuration to transmit CSI report. The CSI report configuration is transmitted according to an information element (IE) consisting of a pairing ID. The AI-CSI parameter is computed based on AI/ML model indicated by the pairing ID and other CSI reporting parameters included in the CSI report configuration.

Abstract: The invention in its various embodiments relates to a method of providing surgical guidance and targeting in robotic surgery systems. The method utilizes data from a navigation system in tandem with 2-dimensional (2D) intra-operative imaging data. 2D intra-operative image data is superimposed with a pre-operative 3-dimensional (3D) image and surgery plans made in the pre-operative image coordinate system. The superimposition augments real-time intraoperative navigation for achieving image guided surgery in robotic surgery systems. Also, a robotic surgery system that incorporates the method of providing surgical guidance and targeting is disclosed. The advantages include minimizing radiation exposure to a patient by avoiding intra-operative volumetric imaging, mobility of tools, imager and robot in and out of the operating space without the need for re-calibration, and relaxing the need for repeating precise imaging positions.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of detecting a cannabinoid or metabolite thereof in a sample and test kits for the same. For example, the cannabinoid such as tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA) may induce changes in optical properties of an optical biosensor employed for the said detection wherein the optical biosensor is immobilized with a suitable bioreceptor or through interactions with a bioreceptor-nanoparticle conjugate.

Abstract: This invention provides Colosseum, a Byzantine fault tolerant scalable method to achieve consensus, designed to maintain distributed ledgers over a permissioned peer-to-peer blockchain network that follows a curative approach towards achieving consensus. It assumes that adversaries are not always present in the system but efficiently detects malicious behaviour and alert the network. Colosseum follows a knockout tournament like approach over a structured ring network to have agreement on the next set of block proposers. Colosseum proposes a novel two-player game like approach which uses Proof-of-Win to eliminate nodes in each round of a tournament resulting in the selection of a subset of nodes after ? (?<log 2 N, where N is the number of nodes in the network) number of rounds. It allows multiple block proposers for a tournament and tries to commit a maximum of their blocks using Converging Directed Acyclic Graph (CDAG) as the ledger to increase the throughput of the transactions.

Abstract: Embodiments herein disclose an extended wheel chair having a wheel chair and an attachment device. The wheel chair comprises a body having each of first body part and a second body part mounted over a frame on the wheel chair. The second body part comprises at least two pins and a flat plate. The wheel chair further comprises an attachment device to be mechanically locked to the body of the wheel chair. The attachment device comprises of a body provided with each of a first slot and a second slot. First pin of the at least two pins is engaged with the first slot and a second pin of the at least two pins is engaged with the second slot.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of signalling in an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) network. The method comprises signalling information related to multiplexing capability and supported modes of operation from the child IAB node to the parent IAB node. An active mode of operation is determined at the child IAB node. The configuration to operate in the active mode of operation is signalled to the child IAB node. Timing Advance (TA) for each active mode of operation, guard information for each active mode of operation are signalled as configuration for the active mode of operation. Further, the method comprises signalling exchanges for fallback from one mode of operation to another at child IAB nodes.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide a modular and portable plug-and-train robot (1000) for providing hand rehabilitation. The modular and portable plug-and-train robot (1000) includes a housing (100) and a power source (200) for powering the modular and portable plug-and-train robot (1000) to provide the hand rehabilitation. The modular and portable plug-and-train robot (1000) also includes an actuator (300) mounted within the housing (100) and connected to the power source (200) for providing movements to the modular and portable plug-and-train robot (1000). Then the modular and portable plug-and-train robot (1000) includes a plug-in apparatus (400) for coupling the actuator (300) and a therapy tool (500) and an instrumented armrest (600) connected to the housing (100) for determining compensatory forces applied by a forearm of the user during the hand rehabilitation. The therapy tool (500) provides a single DOF movement to a hand for the hand rehabilitation.

Abstract: Systems for simultaneous sharing of spectrum in wireless communications. Base Stations (BSs) of a plurality of mobile network operators in a cell may send downlink signals to their respective connected User Equipments (UEs) through a shared frequency spectrum. Further, the BSs may receive uplink signals from the UEs in the shared frequency spectrum.

Abstract: This invention provides a method for finding the remnant thickness of a structure. A feature of guided waves known as the cut-off property is used to determine the remnant thickness of structures. Fundamental guided wave modes do not possess cut-off property, but higher order modes do. The cut-off thickness of a particular mode is the minimum thickness required for that mode to travel through the guided medium. The invention uses a wide-bands of frequency and wavelength to generate the modes using appropriate magnets and excitation signal shape to provide a low cost and rapid evaluation of remnant thickness of structure.

Abstract: Disclosed are devices and methods of detecting and mitigating oscillatory instabilities in systems with turbulent flow, such as thermoacoustic, aeroacoustic or aeroelastic equipment. The system includes a sensor array for measuring one or more parameters of an operating equipment S, and an analysis and prediction unit. The analysis and prediction unit is configured to estimate a state tensor to identify a state of the equipment indicating stable operation or impending oscillatory instability. The system further includes an actuator array configured to implement a control action to promote stable operation of the equipment. Methods for robust prediction of the state of stability are also disclosed. A neural ordinary differential equation (ODE) method of predicting stability or instability is disclosed, involving forming a neural network that incorporates an equation characteristic of the operational state.

Abstract: The invention discloses methods for simultaneously measuring various properties of a fluid using a waveguide. The method includes transmitting a plurality of wave modes into the fluid using an ultrasonic shear wave transducer from one end of a waveguide. Further, the wave modes are reflected from the other end of the waveguide. The reflected wave modes are processed simultaneously. The time of flight and the amplitude of the received wave modes are determined. Further, one or more properties of the fluid are measured using determined time of flight and amplitude of the received wave modes. The disclosed method is used to accurately measure the properties of fluid such as level, density, viscosity or flow rate in a short period of time.

Abstract: A fracking device (100) for generating shock waves in a well bore (102) comprises a fracking gun (110). The fracking gun (110) includes a cartridge (200) having a hollow cavity and a cylinder (202) disposed inside the hollow cavity of the cartridge (200). The cylinder (202) has a first chamber (210) and a second chamber (212). The first chamber (210) includes a plurality of explosive charges (206) positioned on an inner surface of the cylinder (202), wherein each of the explosive charges (206) contains an explosive mixture comprising hydrogen and stoichiometric oxygen in a predetermined ratio. The second chamber (212) contains a combustion-neutral gas. The first chamber (210) is separated from the second chamber (212) by a diaphragm (214).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition and water based fabrication method of producing the durable and multifunctional superhydrophobic coating composition via chemical modification and functionalization of hydrophilic material by silanes under room temperature without any organic solvents. Synthesis of chemically modified cellulose nanofibers or clay in water forms excellent water repelling thin films upon coating over various substrates. The super hydrophobic materials are used as additive for paints, pigments, paper, varnish and, textile and used for various industrial applications such as construction of buildings and other super structures.

Abstract: Methods and systems for simultaneous sharing of spectrum in wireless communications. Base Stations (BSs) of a plurality of mobile network operators in a cell may send downlink signals to their respective connected User Equipments (UEs) through a shared frequency spectrum. Further, the BSs may receive uplink signals from the UEs in the shared frequency spectrum.

Abstract: A system and a method for performing uplink (UL) time synchronization in non-terrestrial networks (NTN) include Performing Downlink (DL) synchronization SSB signals. At least one information is received by a UE 102 from an NTN BS 104. A location information of a satellite is obtained using the at least one information received by the UE 102. Location of the UE 102 is estimated using one of GNSS receiver of the UE 102 and by processing at least one reference signal received by the UE 102 from multiple NTN-BS 104, using at least one multilateration technique and RTK. Timing Advance (TA) estimate is determined using the location of the satellite and location of the UE 102. TA applied is determined using the TA estimate and TA margin. PRACH is transmitted based on the TA applied and an information related to the TA applied is reported to the NTN-BS 104. Residual TA is estimated using the reported information related to the TA applied and the detected PRACH.

Abstract: Accordingly embodiments herein disclose a method for estimating frequencies of multiple sinusoids by an electronic device (100). The method includes receiving a signal, where the signal comprises the multiple sinusoids. Further, the method includes estimating an initial frequency of each of the multiple sinusoids present in the received signal, determining that a first candidate parameter is less than zero, where the candidate parameter is a function of an estimated Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and an estimated threshold. Further, the method includes performing zero-padding on the received signal. Further, the method includes re-estimating frequencies obtained from zero-padded version of the received signal. Further, the method includes validating the re-estimated frequencies obtained from zero-padded version of the received signal based on validation criteria. Further, the method includes predicting the re-estimated frequencies or the initial frequencies as optimal frequencies based on the validation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for selectively precipitating and extracting gold in aqueous solution by niacin. Aqueous Au3+ is precipitated selectively as it's complex from gold containing acidic mixtures by biomolecule niacin, with the formula [AuCl4]?[2Niacin+H]+. After precipitation, the complex is separated from impurities by filtration. Recovered complex is reduced by using a reductant like sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) to recover gold metal. The method is highly cost-effective, sustainable and recovers about 96.5% of gold in 2 minutes from an electronic waste composed of Au. Cu and Ni. The method is also employed to extract gold from nanomaterials waste generated in laboratories.

Abstract: Various kinds of oscillatory instabilities are seen in practical systems. We devise of way of combating these oscillatory instabilities in a thermoacoustic system. Confined combustion environments are prone to large amplitude pressure oscillations known as thermoacoustic instabilities. Although several techniques have been employed to control or mitigate such instabilities, optimization of these methods is achieved at the cost of performing multiple trial and error experiments/simulations. This invention develops a methodology to quantify the spatio-temporal dynamics using synchronization, recurrence, and fractal measures and find the coherent region in such turbulent flow field. Such an analysis provides us with a novel way to detect critical regions responsible for thermoacoustic instability, and other oscillatory instabilities in general, in the flow field and implement an optimized control strategy at these regions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method and a system for remotely measuring the properties of a fluid. The system comprises a waveguide, a transducer, and a processing unit. One end of the waveguide is coupled to the transducer and the second end is immersed in a fluid. The transducer is aligned at a certain angle of excitation ranging between 0°-90° with respect to the waveguide such that it can transmit ultrasonic waves comprising at least two wave modes. A part of the at least two wave modes transmitted through the wave guide leaks into the surrounding fluid and the remaining part is reflected. The attenuation of the at least two wave modes is studied in various attenuation regimes ranging between 0-1200 kHz. The reflected at least two wave modes are transmitted to the processing unit for extracting various parameters. Based on the extracted parameters, different properties of the fluid are measured.