Abstract: A programmable gain amplifier with a large extent for the variation of gains made by a manufacturing process of compensated metal oxide semiconductor or a bipolar junction transistor is disclosed. The structure of the programmable gain amplifier is divided into two stages, a first stage and a second stage. The first stage is formed by connecting a plurality of transistors in parallel, and the second stage is formed by a further plurality of transistors connected in parallel. The first stage and the second stage are connected in series. The current output end of transistors in the first stage each are connected to respective switches, respectively. Another, the current input end of transistors in the second stage each are connected to respective switches, respectively. Each of the switches is connected to a decoder. Therefore, through the control of the decoder, the on and off conditions of the switches can be determined so as to derive the required gain current.

Abstract: Surface to surface electrical isolation of integrated circuits has been achieved by forming N type moats that penetrate the silicon as deeply as required, including across the full thickness of a wafer. The process for creating the moats is based on transmutation doping in which naturally occurring isotopes present in the silicon are converted to phosphorus. Several methods for bringing about the transmutation doping are available including neutron, proton, and deuteron bombardment. By using suitable masking, the bombardment effects can be confined to specific areas which then become the isolation moats. Four different embodiments of the invention are described together with processes for manufacturing them.

Abstract: A local nonlinear feedback loop (LNFL) technique and a sigma-delta modulator (SDM) for promoting highly stable oversampling using the LNFL technique. Not only can gain mismatch of the sigma-delta modulator be minimized, but the overload of the later stage sigma-delta modulator can also be resolved without sacrificing the signal noise ratios (SNR) of the overall system. Moreover, using the local nonlinear feedback loop technique of this invention attenuates the voltage signal of the sigma-delta modulator, therefore decreasing the power consumption of the overall sigma-delta modulator system.

Abstract: The specification discloses a braking method for a single-phase motor, which is applied to a single-phase DC brushless motor driven by a three-phase motor driving IC. The invention uses a control unit to compute the rotational speed of the single-phase motor according to a rotation number signal generated by the motor rotational axis. When the rotational speed is below a threshold, the motor driving IC is controlled to stop rotating the single-phase motor. Through the single-phase motor braking method disclosed herein, the problem of unable to determine the rotational direction of a single-phase motor within a three-phase motor driving IC existing in the prior art can be solved by merely modifying the program in the control unit without adding system elements.

Abstract: A micro cooling engine array system is fabricated by micro electro mechanical system technology for cooling heat sources. The micro cooling engine array system includes a matrix, which is laminated by several layers of metal or polymer. A plurality of cooling engines are arrayed in the matrix for pumping heat out of heat sources. Each cooling engine of the array system has an expansion space, regenerator, and compression space. Pairs of plane coil and magnetic region actuate two flexible diaphragms to expand the expansion space and compress the compression space. The heat of heat sources can thus be pumped out by the array system repeatedly changing the volumes of the expansion and compression spaces.

Abstract: An adapter to convert a traditional gas meter into a computerized gas meter is disclosed. The adapter of this invention comprises a microcomputer gas flow signal converting module, a gas flow monitoring module, a gas pressure monitoring module, an earthquake sensing module and a gas supply shutoff mechanism, and a casing to enclose the modules and to affixed to said traditional gas meter. The microcomputer gas flow rate signal converting module senses the movement of diaphragm of the traditional gas meter and converts the gas flow rate into computerized signals. The gas flow monitoring module and the gas pressure monitoring module monitor the gas flow rate and the gas pressure, and generate warning signals when abnormal phenomena are sensed. The earthquake sensing module senses strong earthquakes according to vertical vibration waves and horizontal vibration waves of said earthquake.

Abstract: The present invention includes a pair of light polarizers. An pair of transparent substrates are formed between the pair of light polarizer. A compensator is formed on the analyzer. A bump structure is formed above the lower substrate. A orientation layer is formed on the bump structure and the substrate. The bump structures are formed on at least one of the pair of glass substrate to provide pre-titled angle for liquid crystal molecules filled between the pair of glass substrate, wherein the bump structure includes inclined surfaces, the heights of the two ends of the bump structure are different.

Abstract: A sheet metal casing for multistage pump and its manufacturing method, the casing includes an outer shell and an inner shell. The outer shell is integrally formed and includes a front end ring, a step positioning ring, an outer shell surface and a positioning end. The inner shell is fixed to the inner side of the outer shell and includes an inner end, an inner shell surface and a step positioning rim. The step positioning rim forms a closed holding space with the outer shell surface for holding and squeezing a seal ring therein. When a plurality of casings being serially mounted on a spindle, the positioning end of a front casing may make contact with the step positioning ring of a rear casing, and the positioning rim of the front inner shell may make contact with the front end ring of the rear outer shell for axially positioning the casings on the spindle.

Abstract: A new method is provided to edge and bevel the periphery of a semiconductor substrate. The wafer is positioned in a horizontal plane and held in place against two positioning pegs. The wafer is rotated and slurry is distributed over the periphery of the substrate surface. The periphery of the wafer is entered into one or more abrasive fixtures, also referred to as bevel/edge heads. These abrasive fixtures will create the desired edge and the desired bevel around the periphery of the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention is provided a two-domain vertical aligned LCD with negative compensator. The liquid crystal molecules in each of the liquid crystal domains are orientated nearly perpendicular to surfaces of the transparent substrates with a little pre-tilted angle to the normal of said substrates when an electric field is not applied, the tilt angle projected on the azimuthal of substrate between the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in two domains are not equal to 180 degree, and the orientation of said liquid crystal molecules in two domains are oriented opposed direction. The structure that described above is obtained by ultraviolet exposure process.

Abstract: A method for drawing a 3D triangle includes decomposing polygons into triangles. The triangles are then truncated into trapezoids, so that they may be drawn in the same direction, such as always top to bottom and left to right. The Z error values are determined for each trapezoid. This allows initial Z values to be correct. The ERROR values may be determined for other triangle attributes such as color, translucence, and texture.

Abstract: A novel earthquake sensing device is disclosed. The earthquake sensing device comprises a vertical vibrating wave sensing module, a horizontal wave sensing module and a determination module to determine the existence of an earthquake, based on, in combination, the vertical waves and the horizontal waves of an earthquake. In determining the existence of an earthquake, both the vertical waves and the horizontal waves of the earthquake are taken for consideration. Errors in the determination of earthquakes may thus be avoided.

Abstract: An additional high quality insulating layer is grown over the substrate after the formation of the gate electrode of a thin film transistor (TFT). The growth temperature of the insulating layer can be higher than conventional method and the insulating layer is more free of pin-holes. After the insulating layer in the thin oxide region of the TFT is etched away, conventional fabrication processes are followed. The dielectric of the thin film oxide region is the same as that of the conventional TFT; but the dielectric in the vicinity of the thin oxide region, the crossovers of the data lines and the scan lines, and the gate dielectric layer of the TFT are now composed of the high quality insulating layer. The TFT structure can improve the yield of fabrication by confining the channel region in the shadow of the gate electrode to reduce the leakage photo-current, and by reducing the steps at crossovers steps and interconnections to avoid open-circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a solvent soluble polyimide and a method for making thereof, which characterizes by producing a solvent soluble polyimide with low electric conductivity through the polymerization of an anhydride and a diamine under the condition with or without catalyst.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling an asynchronous dual port FIFO memory is provided. The asynchronous FIFO may operate at frequencies satisfying 0.5f2<f1<f2 or 0.5f1<f2<f1, where f2 is the write frequency if f1 is the read frequency, or vice versa. A FIFO in accordance with the present invention comprises a dual port random access memory, a read pointer, a write pointer, a synchronization circuit and a status indicator. In the FIFO design, the read pointer indicating the read address is a simple sequential counter, and the write pointer indicating the write address is a Gray code counter. Gray code to sequential count converters are used to convert the Gray codes to sequential counts. The synchronization circuit synchronizes the write pointer and the read pointer using a read clock. A status indicator with simple circuits is provided to indicate if the FIFO is almost full or empty.

Abstract: A bit-serial key-equation solver employs the modified Euclidean algorithm to determine an error location polynomial and an error evaluation polynomial for decoding Reed-Solomon codes. The key equation solver includes a one-bit quotient bus for bit-serially transmitting the digits of a quotient value and a plurality of processing units each of which bit-serially receives the quotient digits from the one-bit quotient bus and each of which can be configured as a serial-in parallel-out (SIPO) standard basis bit-serial multiplier. Swapping and shifting of the register contents is also bit-serial. The key equation solver needs only the standard basis.

Abstract: A method of filling contact holes in a dielectric layer on an integrated circuit wafer. The method reduces processing steps and results in a reliable metal plug filling the contact hole. In one embodiment the contact hole is filled using blanket deposition of titanium silicide using chemical vapor deposition followed by etchback. In a second embodiment the contact hole is filled with titanium silicide using selective chemical vapor deposition of titanium silicide. In a third embodiment an adhesion layer of titanium silicide is formed on the sidewalls and bottoms of the contact holes. A conductor metal of titanium silicide, aluminum, tungsten, or copper is used to fill the contact hole using selective chemical vapor deposition.

Abstract: A disk loader for loading disk into a disk reader having a vertical protection panel and a retractable block structure. The vertical protection panel is used for restricting bare disk so that even if the disk reader is vertically placed, the disk cannot fall out during the disk-loading process. The retractable block structure is used for pushing one side of a disk cartridge so that even if the disk reader is vertically placed, the disk cartridge cannot fall out during the disk-loading process. Therefore, the disk reader can be horizontally placed or vertically placed without affecting the process of loading a bare disk or a disk cartridge into a disk reader. In addition, the disk loader can be designed to use a set of pre-loading arms for restricting a bare disk or disk cartridge, too.

Abstract: A double screw rotor assembly includes two screw rotors meshed in a bushing inside a casing. The threads of the screw rotors have a constant pitch, and define with the bushing a plurality of air chambers in the pitch. The volumes of the air chambers reduce gradually from the inlet toward the outlet due to reduced tooth height so that the outer diameter defined by the tooth tip of the thread of each screw rotor has the shape of an invertedly disposed cone. An electric driving device is controlled to move the bushing axially in the casing relative to the screw rotors in adjusting the clearance between the inside wall of the bushing and the tooth tip of the thread of each screw rotor, so as to minimize the consumption of starting power and facilitate stable running of the screw rotors, Further, a O-ring is provided at the top wall of the busing and pressed on the casing to keep an airtight status, so as to improve the working efficiency.

Abstract: A double screw rotor assembly includes two screw rotors meshed in a bushing inside a casing. The threads of the screw rotors have a uniform pitch, and define with the bushing a plurality of air chambers in the pitch. The volumes of the air chambers reduce gradually from the inlet toward the output due to the reduce of tooth high so that the outer diameter defined by the tooth tip of the thread of each screw rotor has the shape of an invertedly disposed cone. Adjustable spring means is provided to impart an axial spring force to the bushing relative to the casing, guide means is provided to guide axial movement of the bushing relative to the casing, and a O-ring is disposed between the top wall of the bushing and the casing. Adjusting the pre-loading of the spring means controls the dimension of the clearance between the inside wall of the bushing and the tooth tip of the thread of each screw rotor.