Abstract: A method for detecting a fire flame using fuzzy finite automata is provided. The fire-flame detection method comprises (1) acquiring an image required for the detection of fire-flame, (2) dividing the image into a number of blocks, (3) extracting a fire-flame candidate block using a brightness distortion of a pixel in the block, (4) detecting a fire-flame candidate region from the fire-flame block using a color probability model, and (5) determining whether the fire-flame candidate region corresponds to a fire-flame via fuzzy finite automata. The fire-flame detection method can detect fire-flames in a variety of fire images with relatively high precision, by establishing a probability model using the brightness distortion and wavelet energy in fire-flame regions with continuous and irregular fluctuation patterns and using the upward motion, and applying the model to fuzzy finite automata.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing bioethanol from biomass. The feedstock for preparation of bioethanol, i.e. the biomass, is pretreated by a combination of chemical and physical methods. The method is advantageous in that detoxification is unnecessary since the substances that inhibit fermentation are not produced and acid reconcentration for recycling is not needed. Further, since the sonication makes saccharification easier, removal of lignin (delignification), which interferes with the saccharification of cellulose, is unnecessary. Accordingly, the present disclosure allows to produce bioethanol with high yield and at low cost in an environment-friendly manner.

Abstract: A focusing board assembly for a medical imaging equipment gives a comfortable feeling mentally or physically by visually getting rid of an oppressive feeling arisen when a patient is in a tunnel-like enclosed space such as MRI or CT for his/her medical examination.