Abstract: An apparatus for determining a vulnerability of a deep learning model according to an embodiment includes a converter configured to generate an input image for the deep learning model by transforming an original image selected from an image dataset, a measurer configured to measure neuron coverage of the deep learning model by inputting the input image into the deep learning model, and an inspector configured to detect, based on a prediction result of the deep learning model for a class of the input image and a class of the original image, an error in the prediction result.

Abstract: A liveness check in a machine-to-machine (M2M) system is provided. A method for operating an M2M device includes generating a resource including information on a liveness check for a local device and confirming whether a probe signal for the liveness check is received from the local device. The liveness status of the local device is determined based on whether the probe signal is received.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video signal decoding method and apparatus therefor. A decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: setting a structure of a coding block constituting a current image; setting a structure of transform blocks corresponding to the coding block; and generating a prediction signal by using the transform blocks, and wherein the coding block includes any one or more blocks of a square block and a non-square block.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an image encoding method and an image decoding method. The image decoding method of the present disclosure may include reconstructing reference pixel line information, selecting, based on the reference pixel line information, at least one reference pixel line among a plurality of reference pixel lines, and generating a prediction block for a current block by performing intra prediction for the current block based on the selected reference pixel line.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The method and apparatus select at least one reference pixel line from among multiple reference pixel lines and derive a predicted value of a pixel within a current block by using the value of at least one pixel within the selected reference pixel line(s). Alternatively, the method and apparatus derive an intra prediction mode of a reconstructed pixel region on the basis of a reference pixel region of at least one reconstructed pixel region, derive an intra prediction mode of a current block on the basis of the derived intra prediction mode of the reconstructed pixel region, obtain an intra prediction block of the current block by using the derived intra prediction mode, and reconstruct the current block by summing the obtained intra prediction block and a residual block of the current block.

Abstract: A columnar cell culture vessel is disclosed. The columnar cell culture vessel according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include: a cylindrical body having a chamber disposed therein, an inlet disposed through one side in an axial direction, and an outlet disposed through in the axial direction; a first cap coupled to the inlet and having an inflow port disposed therethrough; a second cap coupled to the outlet and having a discharge port disposed therethrough; and a support which is filled in the chamber and to which cells are attached to be cultured, wherein a culture solution is introduced into the chamber through the inflow port and discharged to the outside of the chamber through the discharge port.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image encoding method and an image decoding method. The image encoding method of the present invention comprises: a first dividing step of dividing a current image into a plurality of blocks; and a second dividing step of dividing, into a plurality of sub blocks, a block, which is to be divided and includes a boundary of the current image, among the plurality of blocks, wherein the second dividing step is recursively performed by setting a sub block including the boundary of the current images as the block to be divided, until the sub block including the boundary of the current image does not exist among the sub blocks.

Abstract: The present invention provides an image encoding method and an image decoding method. The image decoding method, according to the present invention, comprises the steps of: decoding information associated with a clipping range of a current block; and performing sample adaptive offset (SAO) filtering on the basis of the information associated with the clipping range, wherein the information associated with the clipping range may include information on the maximum and minimum values of a pixel value included in the current block.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of decoding an image. The method includes generating an inter prediction block by performing inter prediction with respect to a current block, generating an intra prediction block by performing intra prediction with respect to the current block, determining a first weight and a second weight, and generating a final prediction block by respectively applying the first weight and the second weight to the inter prediction block and the intra prediction block. The generating of the intra prediction block includes generating the intra prediction block using a predefined intra prediction mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for encoding and decoding a video image based on transform. The method for decoding a video includes: determining a transform mode of a current block; inverse-transforming residual data of the current block according to the transform mode of the current block; and rearranging the inverse-transformed residual data of the current block according to the transform mode of the current block, wherein the transform mode includes at least one of SDST (Shuffling Discrete Sine Transform), SDCT (Shuffling Discrete cosine Transform), DST (Discrete Sine Transform) or DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform).

Abstract: An anode for a zinc metal battery and a zinc metal battery using the same are provided. An anode for a zinc metal battery includes a zinc metal film and a protective layer formed on a surface of the zinc metal film, and the protective layer may be zinc phosphate. Since the protective layer coats the outermost surface of the zinc metal film, direct contact of the zinc metal film with an electrolyte can be prevented. Accordingly, zinc dendrites formed during plating/stripping of zinc ions during charging and discharging of the battery may grow uniformly, and thus, short circuit of the battery may be prevented.

Abstract: A method for encoding or decoding an image signal according to the present invention may comprise the steps of: determining a plurality of weight prediction parameter candidates for a coding block based on number information signaled in a unit of a sequence of a bitstream, the sequence being a higher unit of the coding block, determining a weight prediction parameter of the coding block from the weight prediction parameter candidates based on index information signaled in the unit of the coding block, and obtaining a prediction block of the coding block by obtaining a second prediction sample of the coding block.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a video signal decoding method and apparatus therefor. A decoding method according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: setting a structure of a coding block constituting a current image; setting a structure of transform blocks corresponding to the coding block; and generating a prediction signal by using the transform blocks, and wherein the coding block includes any one or more blocks of a square block and a non-square block.

Abstract: According to the present invention, provided is a method of processing a video signal, the method including: obtaining a transform coefficient of a current block from a bitstream according to a predetermined scanning order; determining an intra prediction mode of the current block on the basis of the transform coefficient; and performing intra prediction on the current block using the intra prediction mode and a neighboring sample adjacent to the current block.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an image encoding method and an image decoding method. The image decoding method includes determining an initial motion vector of a current block using a motion vector of a reconstructed region, searching for the motion vector of the current block based on the initial motion vector, and generating a prediction sample of the current block using the motion vector. The initial motion vector includes a motion vector in a past direction and a motion vector in a future direction.

Abstract: A method of forming a germanium antimony tellurium (GeSbTe) layer includes forming a germanium antimony (GeSb) layer by repeatedly performing a GeSb supercycle; and forming the GeSbTe layer by performing a tellurization operation on the GeSb layer, wherein the GeSb supercycle includes performing at least one GeSb cycle; and performing at least one Sb cycle, the GeSbTe has a composition of Ge2Sb2+aTe5+b, in which a and b satisfy the following relations: ?0.2<a<0.2 and ?0.5<b<0.5.

Abstract: A video encoding/decoding device according to the present invention may determine an intra prediction mode of a current block on the basis of a most probable mode (MPM) of the current block or an intra prediction mode of a neighboring block, determine a reference region for intra prediction of the current block, and perform intra prediction on the current block by using the intra prediction mode and the reference region.

Abstract: Provided are an electrolyte for a manganese ion battery and a manganese ion battery using the same. In the electrolyte for a manganese ion battery, manganese salt is dissolved in an organic solvent and dissociated into manganese ions and anions, and manganese ions are used as a charge transfer material in the electrolyte to enable charging and discharging of the manganese ion battery. The electrolyte for a manganese ion battery uses manganese ions as a charge transport material and thus has good compatibility with manganese metal used as a negative electrode. In addition, the manganese ion battery to which the electrolyte is applied can use manganese metal, which is significantly cheaper than lithium metal and has a lower reactivity than lithium metal, as a negative electrode, so there are fewer side reactions during battery operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are an image encoding/decoding method and apparatus. The image decoding method includes decoding coding mode information of a current coding block, dividing the current coding block into at least one prediction block, and generating prediction samples of the at least one prediction block on the basis of the decoded coding mode, in which the coding mode information is information indicating any one mode among intra mode, inter mode, and hybrid mode.

Abstract: A video encoding/decoding device according to the present invention may determine an intra prediction mode of a current block on the basis of a most probable mode (MPM) of the current block or an intra prediction mode of a neighboring block, determine a reference region for intra prediction of the current block, and perform intra prediction on the current block by using the intra prediction mode and the reference region.