Abstract: A method of detecting a nucleic acid sequence in a genomic sample, includes: providing the genomic sample containing a target nucleic acid sequence of a duplex nucleic acid; providing, a probe containing a probe nucleic acid sequence; providing a hybridization mixture containing the genomic sample, the probe, a hybridization promoting agent and labels; incubating the hybridization mixture; irradiating the incubated mixture with radiation effective to stimulate at least some of the labels to emit energy; and detecting from a fluorescent signal whether the probe perfectly matches the target nucleic acid sequence, wherein the detecting is completed within sixty minutes of the hybridization mixture providing, and the method is conducted without denaturing and without PCR amplifying the duplex nucleic acid. A kit for practicing the method includes the probe, the hybridization promoting agent, and labels.

Abstract: A method of detecting a nucleic acid sequence in a genomic sample, includes: providing the genomic sample containing a target nucleic acid sequence of a duplex nucleic acid; providing, a probe containing a probe nucleic acid sequence; providing a hybridization mixture containing the genomic sample, the probe, a hybridization promoting agent and labels; incubating the hybridization mixture; irradiating the incubated mixture with radiation effective to stimulate at least some of the labels to emit energy; and detecting from a fluorescent signal whether the probe perfectly matches the target nucleic acid sequence, wherein the detecting is completed within sixty minutes of the hybridization mixture providing, and the method is conducted without denaturing and without PCR amplifying the duplex nucleic acid. A kit for practicing the method includes the probe, the hybridization promoting agent, and labels.

Abstract: A complex includes: (1) a probe containing a heteropolymeric probe sequence of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues; and (2) a target containing a heteropolymeric target sequence of nucleic acids or nucleic acid analogues, wherein: (a) at least one of the probe and the target is purified or synthetic; and (b) the heteropolymeric probe sequence is bonded to the heteropolymeric target sequence by Watson-Crick complementary base interaction or by homologous base interaction, provided that when the complex is a duplex and the heteropolymeric probe sequence is antiparallel to the heteropolymeric target sequence, the heteropolymeric probe sequence is bonded to the heteropolymeric target sequence by homologous base interaction, and provided that when the complex is a triplex, the complex is free of recombination proteins. A method for assaying a target includes detecting formation of the complex.

Abstract: A method for homogeneously assaying biopolymer bonding includes obtaining signals from a test sample before, during and/or after the application of stimulus to the test sample and correlating the signals. The signals, whose magnitude correlate with binding affinity, can be, for example, electrical conductance and/or fluorescent intensity. The stimulus can be, for example, electric voltage and/or laser radiation. Preferably, different types of signals are measured and compared so as to enhance the reliability of the assay.

Abstract: A purification method includes bonding a probe to a target in a sample to form a complex, and separating the sample from the complex to separate in a sequence specific manner the target from the sample. The complex, which is immobilized on a support, is a duplex, triplex or quadruplex formed by Watson-Crick complementary base interaction or by homologous base interaction, provided that when the complex is a duplex and the heteropolymeric probe sequence is antiparallel to the heteropolymeric target sequence, the heteropolymeric probe sequence is bonded to the heteropolymeric target sequence by homologous base interaction, and provided that when the complex is a triplex, the complex is free of recombination proteins. A kit for performing the method includes the support and the probe.