Abstract: Molten steel containing lead and/or bismuth is continuously cast without explosions in the casting mold. The mold has sidewalls whose interior surface is coated with a non-organic lubricant which is not violently reactive thermally or chemically, under the conditions of continuous casting existing within the mold, to produce explosions, and does not breakdown under those conditions to produce a compound which is explosive under those conditions. Conventional petroleum-base lubricants for the continuous casting of molten steel are excluded.

Abstract: Lead or bismuth fumes emitted from steel during a strand casting operation are confined, collected and removed.

Abstract: Coatings of a powdered protective metallic material or refractory material and mixtures thereof are formed on a ferrous metal strip as a wet film dispersion in a resin binder composition of a synthetic organic resin and a volatile organic solvent compatible with said resin, and the coated strip is heated to effect curing said resin binder and forming a flexible non-tacky dry film. The metal strip having the cured dry film containing powdered protective metallic material can be subjected to varying heat treatments to provide a wide range of protective coatings having improved surface properties, including iron-protective metal diffusion alloy coatings, such as iron-aluminum diffusion alloy coatings having a surface concentration of aluminum between about 8 and 10 wt. percent aluminum, which have improved high temperature oxidation resistance after being severely strained during fabrication at room temperature.

Abstract: An alloying ingredient is added to molten steel entering the tundish in a continuous casting process. The concentration of the alloying ingredient is maintained substantially uniform throughout the cast by exercising certain controls. Small scale, short term variations in the mass flow rates of the alloying ingredient and molten steel and in the recovery of the alloying ingredient are attenuated by employing a system having certain characteristics.

Abstract: A solid solution iron-aluminum diffusion alloy coated steel strip is formed by hot-dip aluminum coating a cold rolled low alloy low carbon steel strip preferably having all the carbon in the steel combined with titanium by hot-dip aluminum coating the steel strip and subjecting the aluminum coated low alloy steel strip to a controlled diffusion heat treatment in a non-oxidizing atmosphere for a period and at a temperature which avoids significantly increasing the grain size of the steel, and which effects diffusion of the hot-dip aluminum coating into the steel to establish a critical surface concentration of aluminum in the iron-aluminum diffusion alloy coating of at least about 8 wt. percent and below an aluminum surface concentration which results in crazing and cracking of the diffusion alloy coating when the diffusion alloy coated strip is fabricated at room temperature.

Abstract: Bismuth is added to molten steel in a ladle, and the molten steel is covered with a slag layer sufficiently thick to prevent a decrease in the bismuth content during the time the molten steel is in the ladle.

Abstract: Techniques for suppressing fumes from a bath of molten steel containing fume-generating, alloying ingredients comprising bismuth, lead, manganese and aluminum. The techniques employ natural gas to combust oxygen immediately above the bath, and certain controls are exercised to optimize fume suppression.

Abstract: An elongated tundish for the continuous strand casting of molten metal has a plurality of outlet openings arranged in a row extending in the longitudinal direction of the tundish. There is an elongated dam extending in said longitudinal direction between the row of outlet openings and the location of impact, on the tundish bottom, of a ladle nozzle stream of molten metal. The dam provides uniform residence times in the tundish for molten metal exiting the tundish at inner and outer outlet openings in the row of openings. Fluid flow control structure is located between the dam and the tundish side wall adjacent the row of outlet openings to avoid a dead zone in that region.

Abstract: An elongated, vertical conduit has an upper end, communicating with the bottom opening in an upper container or ladle, and an open lower end disposed above the top surface of a bath of molten metal in a lower container or tundish. A descending stream of molten metal is directed from the conduit into the bath. A shroud encloses the conduit and the descending stream. The pressure within the shroud is lower than the outside pressure and is regulated. A mixture of transport gas and solid, particulate alloying ingredient prone to excessive fuming is injected into the descending stream within the shroud.

Abstract: A ferrous metal strip is provided with a wet film coating of a powder metal, powder refractory material or a mixture thereof dispersed in a resin binder composition formed of a synthetic organic resin and a volatile solvent, followed by heating the coated strip to remove the solvent and cure the organic resin. The metal strip with the cured resin-powder flexible non-tacky coating can be subjected to varying heat treatments to provide a wide range of protective coatings having improved surface properties. The formability properties of the cured resin-powder coating is further improved by applying a surface coating of a dry lubricant, such as molybdenum disulfide or graphite, as a dry powder or as a dispersion in a fluid vehicle.

Abstract: A low-titanium alloy steel foil having a cold rolled metallic aluminum hot-dip coated surface which is adapted for growing a thick surface coating of spine-like whiskers of aluminum oxide suitable for retaining a coating of a metallic catalyst, which is formable at room temperature without annealing, and which exhibits good resistance to oxidation at temperatures up to 1149.degree. C. (2100.degree. F.).

Abstract: An elongated, vertical conduit has an upper end, communicating with the bottom opening in an upper container or ladle, and an open lower end disposed above the top surface of a bath of molten metal in a lower container or tundish. A descending stream of molten metal is directed from the conduit into the bath. A shroud encloses the conduit and the descending stream. The pressure within the shroud is lower than the outside pressure and is regulated. A mixture of transport gas and solid, particulate alloying ingredient prone to excessive fuming is injected into the descending stream within the shroud.

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel strip having a combined silicon and aluminum content no greater than about 1.5 wt. % is subjected to processing including a continuous decarburization anneal after temper rolling. The strip is stamped into motor core laminations and stress relief annealed. The resulting lamination has magnetic properties comparable to a lamination having a much higher silicon and silicon plus aluminum content.

Abstract: An elongated tundish for the continuous strand casting of molten metal has a plurality of outlet openings arranged in a row extending in the longitudinal direction of the tundish. There is an elongated dam extending in said longitudinal direction between the row of outlet openings and the location of impact, on the tundish bottom, of a ladle nozzle stream of molten metal. The dam provides uniform residence times in the tundish for molten metal exiting the tundish at inner and outer outlet openings in the row of openings. Fluid flow control structure is located between the dam and the tundish side wall adjacent the row of outlet openings to avoid a dead zone in that region.

Abstract: A differentially coated, galvanized steel strip is produced by hot dip coating both sides of a steel strip and adjusting the weight of coating metal on opposite sides of the strip to produce a light coated side and a heavy coated side. The strip is then precooled to fully solidify the heavy coated side following which the galvanized strip is subjected to a treating step in which simultaneously the light coated side is heated and the heavy coated side is cooled. This fully transforms the light coated side to iron-zinc alloy throughout while only partially transforming an inner layer on the heavy coated side to iron-zinc alloy. The outer layer on the heavy coated side consists entirely of coating metal, and there are no intermittent bleed-throughs of iron-zinc alloy to the outer surface of the heavy coated side.

Abstract: Oily mill scale recovered from steel manufacturing operations downstream of a refining stage for molten steel is recycled to the refining stage. Coarse particles of mill scale are removed in a pre-screening operation, the mill scale is mixed and blended with a binder, and the mixture is agglomerated into shapes, such as briquettes, using external mechanical pressure. The agglomerated shapes are introduced into molten metal containing excessive carbon, where the shapes act as a coolant and the iron oxide in the mill scale reacts with some of the carbon. The oily mill scale is neither deoiled nor ground more finely prior to introduction into the molten metal, and all processing of the mill scale is conducted under ambient conditions of temperature, pressure and atmosphere. The agglomerated shapes may be aged prior to introduction into the molten metal.

Abstract: A replaceable liner assembly for a blast furnace tuyere comprises a tubular, metallic liner which fits within the tuyere and a plurality of layers of refractory fiber paper sandwiched between the tubular liner and the inside surface of the tuyere. There are gas-tight seals between the liner and the tuyere at opposite ends thereof to prevent gas from entering the space occupied by the refractory fiber paper. The liner is composed of a metal which has a good resistance to oxidation and a lower thermal conductance and higher melting point than the metal of which the tuyere is composed.

Abstract: The chemical composition and processing of a cold rolled steel strip are controlled. Laminations for the core of an electric motor are stamped from the strip and decarburized to produce a lamination having a 1.5 T (15 kG) average core loss value less than about 5.70 W/kg (2.60 W/lb.) and average peak permeability substantially more than about 2000 G/Oe. for a sample thickness of about 0.018 in. (0.46 mm.).

Abstract: Coatings of a powdered protective metallic material or refractory material and mixtures thereof are formed on a ferrous metal strip as a wet film dispersion in a resin binder composition of a synthetic organic resin and a volatile organic solvent compatible with said resin, and the coated strip is heated to effect curing said resin binder and forming a flexible non-tacky dry film. The metal strip having the cured dry film containing powdered protective metallic material can be subjected to varying heat treatments to provide a wide range of protective coatings having improved surface properties, including iron-protective metal diffusion alloy coatings, such as iron-aluminum diffusion alloy coatings having a surface concentration of aluminum between about 8 and about 10 wt. percent aluminum, which have improved high temperature oxidation resistance after being severely strained during fabrication at room temperature.

Abstract: A differentially coated, galvanized steel strip is produced by hot dip coating both sides of a steel strip and adjusting the weight of coating metal on opposite sides of the strip to produce a light coated side and a heavy coated side. The strip is then precooled to fully solidify the heavy coated side following which the galvanized strip is subjected to a treating step in which simultaneously the light coated side is heated and the heavy coated side is cooled. This fully transforms the light coated side to iron-zinc alloy throughout while only partially transforming an inner layer on the heavy coated side to iron-zinc alloy. The outer layer on the heavy coated side consists entirely of coating metal, and there are no intermittent bleed-throughs of iron-zinc alloy to the outer surface of the heavy coated side.