Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices model, identify, and predict effects of dialysis on drugs and chemical substances in patients. The systems estimate and determine effects of dialysis on elutes and drugs and solve problems with prior systems in determining effects of dialysis on drugs and dosages, especially the removal of target substances from the blood of patients during dialysis. Drug and medicine dosage adjustments for patients undergoing dialysis are made by considering the dialysis systems, patients, and drug variables and the extent to which they affect drug removal. Patients receive proper dosing by accounting for the effects of their dialysis. Systems and methods include a combination of ex vivo simulated treatments and in-silico modeling and simulation. The effects of dialysis are estimated and determined for various drugs and dosages. A reliable and effective surrogate for performing studies on patients provides guidance for use of the drugs in dialysis patients.