Abstract: Techniques for reducing biofouling on optical equipment, using minimum power in a marine environment are provided. An example of an apparatus according to the disclosure includes a housing including a cavity and an ultraviolet transparent window disposed over the cavity, an optical device disposed in the cavity and directed towards the ultraviolet transparent window, one or more ultraviolet light emitting diodes disposed in the cavity and directed towards the ultraviolet transparent window, and a controller operably coupled to the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diodes and configured to provide at least one lamp power function to the one or more ultraviolet light emitting diodes, wherein the at least one lamp power function is based on at least a flash power value, a flash duration, a rest power value and a rest duration.

Abstract: Aluminum filled via disks are manufactured utilizing a plurality of drilled substrates placed into a metal can in a stacked, interdisposed assembly with a corresponding number of graphite molds. Aluminum infiltration ingots are added and the can is heated to a temperature to melt the ingots. The molten aluminum is pressurized so that it flows into the vias. The substrates are then cooled, removed from the can, separated from between the graphite molds, and the flat surface faces are ground and polished to expose the filled vias.