Abstract: A magnetic separator has a filter mass to which a magnetic field of a high gradient applies to trip magnetically susceptible substances in a fluid stream traversing the mass. The change in inductance of the mass is measured during the filtration and the measurement triggers an operator-alert signal and/or a backwashing of the filter.

Abstract: An EDM apparatus is fed with unidirectional pulses formed by a rectifier in proximity to the machining gap and energized via a conductive cable from a remote power source transmitting high-frequency current through the cable.

Abstract: A mass of particulate material is sintered or densified by applying a first pressure to the mass in a first direction, applying a second pressure to the mass in a second direction which is transverse to the first direction, and applying a third pressure to the mass in a third direction which is transverse to the first and second directions. The first, second and third pressures may be successively modified while the mass is heated to a sintering temperature.

Abstract: A spinodal decomposition-type alloy is thermomagnetically treated for a specific time period at a temperature determined by calculating the spinodal curves of the alloy.

Abstract: An improved method of electroplating a metal upon a substrate wherein a rod electrode is axially juxtaposed with the substrate across an electrolyte-flooded plating gap and electrodeposition occurs preferentially in the region of the substrate proximal to an end portion of the rod electrode. The rod electrode is displaced relative to the substrate while its axis is kept oriented substantially perpendicular to a fixed plane to allow the metal to be successively and continuously electrodeposited over the entire area of the substrate to be electroplated. The improved method comprises controlling the position of the rod electrode relative to the surface contour of the substrate while maintaining the relationship G=Gs/sin.alpha. substantially over the area where Gs is a distance defined between the electrode end and the point of intersection of the extension of the electrode axis and the surface contour, .alpha.

Abstract: An arrangement for monitoring the operation of a numerically controlled machine tool in which a motor drives an encoder whose pulses represent the angular displacement of the motor. Counters respond to the drive signal from the numerical control to the motor and the sensing signal resulting from the encoder to provide a first detection signal in the event of a deviation between the drive and sensing signals while additional counters are responsive to the numerical controller for generating a second detection signal when the extent of drive of the motor is not reached. From these detection signals, an error signal is derived.

Abstract: A spinodal decomposition type magnetic alloy consisting by weight essentially of 15 to 23% chromium, 10 to 18% cobalt, 0.5 to 4% vanadium, 0.3 to 3% titanium, 0.1 to 2.5% tungsten and the balance iron. The magnetic alloy can be cast into a machinable permanent magnet body and has a high magnetic energy property.

Abstract: An improved wire-electrode support and guidance assembly for electrical machining comprise a first wheel rotatable about a first axis and formed along its periphery with a continuous annular recess of a uniform depth and adapted to receive and retain therein a continuous wire electrode which is axially advanced and transported from a supply reel to a collection reel through the region of a workpiece. The assembly includes a second wheel rotatable about a second axis parallel to the aforesaid first axis and having a flange of a profile substantially complementary to that of the aforesaid recess, and includes means for urging the first and second axes relatively towards each other to drive the flange of the second wheel into a mating engagement with the recess of the first wheel so that the wire electrode when passed through the recess is squeezed surfaces of the recess and the flange.

Abstract: Apparatus for controlling an electric discharge machining process in which machining pulses are applied across a machining gap with a pulse duration and peak current preselected to attain a predetermined machining consequence or result. At least one monitoring pulse is interposed in the succession of machining pulses and is time-spaced from and totally independent of the machining pulses while being dimensioned to give rise to a current pulse in the machining gap. The current pulse is measured as to at least one characteristic and the gap condition is determined in response to this measurement.

Abstract: A traveling-wire electrical machining system with improved accuracy results by providing, in addition to the usual electrode guide arms straddling the workpiece and by which the electrode is sharply deflected in its path from the supply coil to the backup coil, a second pair of arms guiding the stretch of the electrode immediately forming the machining region. According to the invention, the second pair of arms, also straddling the workpiece, engages the electrode between each deflection location and the workpiece. The second pair of arms is mounted on the column independently of the first pair of arms so that the second arms are not affected by deflection of the first arms.

Abstract: A grinding apparatus and method in which at least two grinding wheels are coaxially and rotatably supported on a common spindle and are juxtaposed with a worktable for a workpiece. A pulse motor on either the worktable or the spindle displaces the wheels and the workpiece relatively along a Z-axis orthogonal to the spindle axis and another pulse motor effects relative displacement of the wheels and worktable along an X-axis which is normal to the Z-axis and is codirectional with the spindle axis. Yet another motor serves to relatively displace the wheels and worktable along a Y-axis which is normal both to the Z-axis and to the X-axis while a numerical controller applies control-signal pulses to the Z-axis displacement and the X-axis displacement motors.

Abstract: The deflection of at least one arm of a traveling-wire EDM machine, whose arms are spanned by the wire, is detected and the resulting signal used to control the wire advance to maintain the deflection constant.

Abstract: A method and control system for a machining fluid pump in which the machining fluid is displaced by the pump to the machining site. The pump speed is controlled electrically, usually in response to a machining parameter or to a machining liquid parameter to minimize pumping of the liquid and heat rise therein.

Abstract: Pulses of a pulse duration not greater than 100 microseconds are applied by an electronic switch between a tool electrode having abrasive particles distributed over its surface and a workpiece across a polishing gap supplied with an electrolyte.

Abstract: A method of electrically machining a conductive workpiece in which a travelling-wire electrode and the workpiece are relatively displaced transversely to the axis of the travelling-wire electrode and define a machining gap therebetween, a machining liquid is supplied to said gap, and a series of electrical pulses are applied across the workpiece and the electrode to generate machining discharges in the gap to remove material from the workpiece. The improvement comprises imparting a vibration to the travelling-wire electrode which is at a frequency not lower than 100 Hz.

Abstract: A unitary carbonaceous body consists of turbostratic carbon formed with a superficial graphitized portion in situ, preferably by passing a high-amperage electric current through this portion.

Abstract: A traveling wire electrical machining system makes use of a single-strand traveling wire which is guided in a plurality of passes across a workpiece to cut through the latter at a plurality of parallel locations. According to the invention, the machining power supply has a plurality of outputs each of which is connected to a respective stretch of the traveling wire, thereby equalizing the machining current for each of the multiple stretches.

Abstract: Hydrogen/oxygen mixtures for combustion in torches or the like are produced by the pulsed electrolysis of an aqueous medium. The pulse duration is 1 to 500 microseconds.

Abstract: A spinodal decomposition type magnetic alloy which contains, in addition to 3 to 30% by weight cobalt, 10 to 40% by weight chromium, and iron, a quantity of 0.1 to 15% by weight vanadium, preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight vanadium. A body made from this alloy has excellent magnetic properties and excellent cold workability.

Abstract: A machining fluid includes a basic component in the form of an aqueous solution and an aliphatic acid organic compound which is produced by a fermentation process comprising cultivating a microorganism in a culture medium containing a saccharide, nitrogen source and an inorganic salt and accumulated in a culture broth and separated and recovered from the culture broth.