Abstract: Monocytopoiesis is a hematological process that supplies the periphery with monocytes and subsequently with macrophages and monocyte-derived dendritic cells. Typically, monocytes circulate in the bloodstream for a very short time before undergoing apoptosis, however, stimulatory signals can trigger monocyte survival by inhibiting the apoptotic pathway, and thus contribute to the maintenance of the inflammatory response. Accordingly, there is a need for methods and pharmaceutical compositions for modulating monocytopoiesis. Now, the inventors show that type I interferons signaling promote the differentiation of monocyte-derived phagocytes at the level of their progenitors. Importantly, IFN-alpha and -beta were found to efficiently generate the development of monocyte-derived antigen-presenting cells while having no impact on the precursor activity of conventional dendritic cells. Accordingly, modulators of type I interferon (e.g.

Abstract: Compositions containing micropeptides capable of modulating the accumulation of miRs involved in certain pathologies, and the use of these micropeptides for treating the certain pathologies. Also, methods of identifying these micropeptides modulating the accumulation of miRs involved in pathologies. Further, nuclei acids encoding those micropeptides that modulate the accumulation of miRs involved in pathologies.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula (I), their enantiomers and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and their use in therapy, particularly for the treatment of cancer or inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials related to treating a disease. For example, this document provides methods for treating a subject's disease based on identifying the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML using a genetic test.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials related to treating a disease. For example, this document provides methods for treating a subject's disease based on identifying the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML using a genetic test.

Abstract: The invention is based on the discovery of a new bacterial compound with analgesic properties which could be used as a new tool for the treatment of pain disorders such as visceral pain. Studying the mechanisms implicated in analgesic properties of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN), inventors characterized, the amino fatty acids produced by EcN, which display the Ecn analgesic properties. One of these compounds inhibits the hypersensitivity to colorectal distension induced by capsaicin, which is a very powerful nociceptive compound and acts via the GABA B receptor. Furthermore, inventors demonstrate that this compound is able to cross the cellular epithelial barrier (such as the intestinal epithelium). Thus, the invention relates to a lipopetide compound, derived from gamma-aminobutyric acid. The invention also relates to a lipopeptide compound according to the invention for the treatment of treating pain disorder, such as somatic pain and visceral pain.

Abstract: An ultrasound probe holding device configured to attach to the head of an infant for transfontanellar imaging is disclosed, including a head pad configured to be in contact with the head of the infant and including a central opening, wherein the head pad is configured to receive an ultrasound probe; a pad squeezer, including a central opening and configured to cooperate with the head pad to allow an axial guidance of the head pad along a guidance axis substantially perpendicular to a surface tangent to the head of the infant; a device holder configured to be attached to the head of the infant and exert a downward force on the pad squeezer, along said guidance axis; and a repellent configured to exert a repellent force between the pad squeezer and the head pad when the device holder exerts the downward force on the pad squeezer.

Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) leads to chronic respiratory infections especially in patients with cystic fibrosis patients and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by a high morbidity. After screening Lactobacilli coming from CF expectorations, on their capacity to inhibit two Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) virulence factors (elastase, pyocyanin), the inventors evaluated the effect of intranasal administration of Lactobacilli on PA murine pneumonia. The primary outcome was the bacterial lung load 24 hours after PA induced pneumonia. To understand the role of Lactobacillus, the chemokines, the pro and anti-inflammatory BAL rates were also measured. The administration of Lactobacilli cocktail 18 h prior the PA lung infection decreases significantly the lung bacterial load at 24 h post-infection. Although the mechanisms need to be deeply explored, an immunomodulation effect may be involved, notably through the recruitment of neutrophils.

Abstract: Described herein are anti-CD277 antibodies which: activates or inhibit the cytolytic function of V?9/V?2 T cells, and/or costimulates T cells together with CD3-TCR, and/or costimulates T cells in addition to CD28-B7 costimulation, and/or increases the activity and/or survival of monocytes and dendritic cells. The use of said antibodies in therapy is also described.

Abstract: Autophagy is typically activated by starvation, allowing cells and organisms to mobilize their energy reserves. It is known that pharmacological modulation of autophagy represents a therapeutic potential. Here the inventors report that a protein that is released from cells in an unconventional, autophagy-dependent manner, namely, diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI), regulates autophagy. In particular, the inventors demonstrate that DBI inhibits autophagy and that the supply of recombinant DBI to mice enhanced glycolysis, enhanced lipogenesis, and inhibited fatty acid oxidation. The inventors show that neutralisation of DBI by a monoclonal antibody and an active immunization by means of an immunogenic DBI derivative eliciting autoantibodies induce autophagy and lead to metabolic changes that increase starvation-induced weight loss, reduce food intake upon refeeding, and reduce weight gain in response to hypercaloric diets.

Abstract: The present invention relates the field of reducing CD95-mediated cell motility in a subject, in particular for their use in the reduction of CD-95 mediated cancer cell motility, the reduction of CD95-mediated lymphocyte motility and/or B cell maturation, or the treatment of B-cell tumors, in a subject. The inventors identified a novel family of compounds having the ability to disrupt CD95/PLC?1 interaction and to neutralize the CD95-mediated calcium signaling pathway and cell migration in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) and Th17 cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polypeptide X1X2-RK-X3X4-KK-X5X6X7X8X9X10-KR-X11X12 SEQ ID NO: 1 able to bind selectively to cells expressing proteoglycans comprising glycosaminoglycans as heparin or heparan sulfate. The linkage of said polypeptide to an internalization peptide enables the polypeptide to be internalized. The present invention further relates to a conjugated polypeptide comprising said polypeptide and a biomarker, to a cell penetrating polypeptide comprising said polypeptide, optionally a linker and a cell internalization peptide and a chimeric polypeptide comprising said cell penetrating polypeptide and one or more biological cargos.

Abstract: A device tracking system for monitoring a target body structure and localizing a device inside the target body structure. The device tracking system includes: a control unit, a device having one steering element to be handled outside the target body structure and one steerable element to be introduced inside the target body structure, one probe to be removably secured to the patient, and one tracker to be secured to the steerable element. The control unit stores one ultrasound image of the target body structure. The probe and the tracker communicate, and the control unit is able to localize, in real time, the steerable element. The control unit displays, the stored ultrasound image and displays, in real time, the localisation of the at steerable element on the at least one ultrasound image.

Abstract: The present invention relates to antibodies having specificity to Nectin-4 and uses thereof.

Abstract: Modified monomers of a Shiga toxin B-subunit (STxB) protein including at least one of: an addition of a reactive unnatural amino acid residue at the C-terminal extremity, and/or a substitution with a reactive unnatural amino acid residue at an amino acid position among Asp 3, Lys 8, Glu 10, Tyr 11, Lys 23, Lys 27, Thr 49, Lys 53, His 58, Asn 59, and Arg 69, reference made to the numbering of STxB from Shigella dysenteriae. Also relates to STxB conjugates, and oligomers, in particular pentamers, of these modified STxB proteins and STxB conjugates; as well as to compositions including the same and their use in treatment, vaccination and diagnosis methods.

Abstract: The success of anti-tumor immune responses requires effector T cells to infiltrate solid tumors, a process guided by chemokines. Herein, we demonstrate that in vivo post-translational processing of chemokines by dipeptidylpeptidase 4 (DPP4, also known as CD26) limits lymphocyte migration to sites of inflammation and tumors. Inhibition of DPP4 enzymatic activity enhanced tumor rejection by preserving biologically active CXCL10, and increasing trafficking into the tumor by lymphocytes expressing the counter-receptor CXCR3. Furthermore, DPP4 inhibition improved adjuvant-based immunotherapy, adoptive T cell transfer and checkpoint blockade. These findings provide the first direct in vivo evidence for controlling lymphocyte trafficking through CXCL10 cleavage and support the use of DPP4 inhibitors for stabilizing the biologically active form of chemokines as a strategy to enhance tumor immunotherapy.

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will be essential to reduce morbidity and mortality. The inventors produced an antibody that is directed against a surface antigen (i.e. CD40) of an antigen presenting cell (i.e. dendritic cell) wherein the heavy chain was conjugated to the receptor-binding domain of the Sars-Cov-2 spike protein for its use as vaccine. In particular, the inventors show that said vaccine induces circulating Ab-secreting hu-B cells, elicits S-specific IgG+ hu-B cells, elicits the expansion of central memory CD4+ hu-T cells and the emergence of effector memory CD4+ T cells, elicits the expansion of central memory CD8+ hu-T cells at and the emergence of effector memory CD8+ T cells at and finally induces Stem-cell like memory hu-CD8+ T cells.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method and a system for providing anatomical landmarks of a subject's body part using a set of measures previously acquired by an ultrasound device including at least one fiducial marker and an imaging sensor. Also, a non-transitory computer readable medium including instructions which, when the program is executed by a computer, cause the computer to carry out the method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and composition for use in the treatment of retinal degeneration, in particular retinal degeneration due to retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) vector particle having at least one primary amino group contained in the capsid proteins, chemically coupled with at least one ligand L, wherein coupling of said ligand L is implemented through a bond comprising a —CSNH— bond and an optionally substituted aromatic moiety. The present invention further relates to a method for chemically coupling an Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) vector particle with at least one ligand L and to a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus (rAAV) vector particle obtained by said method as well as a pharmaceutical composition comprising it and their corresponding medical use.