Abstract: The present invention is directed to practical high-yielding synthetic processes for preparing 3,4-disubstituted-thiazolidin-2-ones, which do not compromise the absolute stereochemical integrity of the compounds. The present invention is also directed to novel compounds of 3,4-disubstituted-thiazolidin-2-ones. The compounds prepared by the present invention are useful in the synthesis and manufacture of compounds (such as latrunculins and/or their analogs) for treating diseases or conditions associated with inhibiting actin polymerization.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of preventing or treating diseases or conditions associated with platelet aggregation. The method is also directed to a method of treating thrombosis or related disorders. The method comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a non-nucleotide compound, preferably a P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound, wherein said amount is effective to inhibit platelet aggregation. The compounds useful for this invention include compounds of general Formulae I and III-XII, or salts, hydrates, and solvates thereof. The present invention also provides novel compounds of Formulae I and III-XII.

Abstract: The present invention are directed to P1,P4-di(uridine 5?-)tetraphosphate, tetra-alkali metal salts such as tetrasodium, tetralithium, tetrapotassium, and mixed tetra-alkali metal cations thereof. The tetra alkali metal salts of P1,P4-di(uridine 5?-)tetraphosphate are water-soluble, nontoxic, and easy to handle during manufacture. These tetra-monovalent alkali metal salts are more resistant to hydrolysis than the mono-, di-, or tri-acid salts, therefore, they provide an improved stability and a longer shelf life for storage. The present invention also provides methods for the synthesis of P1,P4-di(uridine 5?-)tetraphosphate, and its pharmaceutically acceptably acceptable salts thereof, and demonstrates the applicability to the production of large quantities. The methods substantially reduce the time required to synthesize diuridine tetraphosphate, for example, to three days or less.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of preventing or treating diseases or conditions associated with platelet aggregation. The method is also directed to a method of treating thrombosis or related disorders. The method comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a non-nucleotide pyrimidine-based compound, preferably a P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound, wherein said amount is effective to inhibit platelet aggregation. The compounds useful for this invention include compounds of general Formulae I and Ia-Ic, or tautomers, salts, hydrates, and solvates thereof. The present invention also provides novel compounds of Formulae I and Ia-Ic.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of enhancing or facilitating the clearance of the lung mucus secretions in a subject. This invention is also directed to a method of facilitating the hydration of the lung mucus secretions in a subject. This invention is further directed to a method of preventing or treating diseases or conditions associated with impaired lung or airway function in a human or other mammal. The method comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutic effective amount of P2Y6 receptor agonist compound, wherein said amount is effective to activate the P2Y6 receptors on the luminal surface of lung epithelia. The P2Y6 receptor agonist compounds useful for this invention include mononucleoside 5?-diphosphates, dinucleoside monophosphate, dinucleoside diphosphates, or dinucleoside triphosphates of general Formula I, or salts, solvates, hydrates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising at least one latrunculin and the formulation does not contain a substantial amount of dimethyl sulfoxide. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to an aqueous pharmaceutical formulation comprising at least one latrunculin in an amount of 0.001-2% w/v, a non-ionic surfactant in an amount of 0.01-2% w/v, and a tonicity agent to maintain a tonicity between 200-400 mOsm/kG, at a pH between 4 to 8, wherein the latrunculin, the surfactant, and the tonicity agent are compatible in the formulation, and the formulation does not contain a substantial amount of dimethyl sulfoxide. The formulation is stable for at least six month at refrigerated temperature. The present invention further provides a method of reducing intraocular pressure, a method of treating glaucoma, a method of inhibiting wound healing after trabeculectomy, and a method of inhibiting angiogenesis.

Abstract: A method and preparation for the stimulation of tear secretion in a subject in need of such treatment is disclosed. The method comprises administering to the ocular surfaces of the subject a purinergic receptor agonist such as uridine 5?-triphosphate (UTP), dinucleotides, cytidine 5?-triphosphate (CTP), adenosine 5?-triphosphate (ATP), or their therapeutically useful analogs and derivatives, in an amount effective to stimulate tear fluid secretion and enhance drainage of the lacrimal system. Pharmaceutical formulations and methods of making the same are also disclosed. Methods of administering the same would include: topical administration via a liquid, gel, cream, or as part of a contact lens or selective release membrane; or systemic administration via nasal drops or spray, inhalation by nebulizer or other device, oral form (liquid or pill), injectable, intra-operative instillation or suppository form.

Abstract: The present invention provides a drug-eluting stent, wherein the stent is coated with one or more non-nucleotide P2Y12 receptor antagonist compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof. When the stent is placed in a narrowed or damaged arterial vessel, a therapeutically effective amount of the P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound is eluted continuously from the stent to the local environment of the stent. The P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound-eluting stents are useful in preventing thrombosis and restenosis, and are effective in inhibiting the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, and reducing inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of treating pain. The method comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a P2X receptor antagonist. The methods of the present invention are useful in reducing pain, such as traumatic pain, neuropathic pain, organ pain and/or pain associated with diseases. The P2X receptor antagonists useful for this invention are non-nucleotide compounds of general Formula I. Compounds of Formula I can be used alone to treat pain. Compounds of Formula I can also be used in conjunction with other therapeutic agents or adjunctive therapies commonly used to treat pain, thus enhancing the therapeutic effect of pain reduction.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a processes for the synthesis of trans isomer of 4,6-disubstituted-tetrahydro-furo, thieno, pyrrolo and cyclopenta-[3,4][1,3]dioxoles (Formula I). The process comprises the steps of: (a) obtaining a compound of Formula II, which is a mixture of cis and trans-diastereomers, and (b) chemically decomposing the compound of Formula II in a solution comprising a solvent and an acid that is a hydrogen donor or an electron pair acceptor, whereby the cis diastereomer is decomposed and the compound of Formula I is obtained. The compounds prepared by the present invention are useful in treating diseases or conditions associated with platelet aggregation and/or platelet activation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to synthetic cytoskeletal active compounds that are related to natural Latrunculin A or Latrunculin B. The present invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The invention is additionally directed to a method of preventing or treating diseases or conditions associated with actin polymerization. In one embodiment of the invention, the method treats increased intraocular pressure, such as primary open-angle glaucoma. The method comprises administering to a subject a therapeutically effective amount of a cytoskeletal active compound of Formula I or II, wherein said amount is effective to influence the cytoskeleton, for example by inhibiting actin polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides a P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound-eluting stent, wherein the stent is coated with one or more P2Y12 receptor antagonist compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof. When the stent is placed in a narrowed or damaged arterial vessel, a therapeutically effective amount of the P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound is eluted continuously from the stent to the local environment of the stent. The P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound-eluting stents are useful in preventing thrombosis and restenosis, and are effective in inhibiting the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, and reducing inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mononucleoside phosphate compounds that have the benefits of a dinucleotide pharmaceutical. These mononucleoside phosphates can be made from a mononucleotide that has been modified by attaching a degradation-resistant substituent on the terminal phosphate of a polyphosphate mononucleotide. By attaching this degradation-resistant substituent, the stability from degradation matches or exceeds those of certain dinucleotides. The mononucleoside phosphate compounds of the present invention are useful in preventing and treating epithelial tissue diseases or diseases or disorders associated with platelet aggregation.

Abstract: This invention is directed to compounds of Formulae III and V, useful for treating diseases or conditions associated with platelet aggregation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of treating edematous retinal disorders. The method comprises administration of a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a hydrolysis-resistant P2Y receptor agonist to stimulate the removal of pathological extraneous fluid from the subretinal and retinal spaces and thereby reduce the accumulation of said fluid associated with retinal detachment and retinal edema. The P2Y receptor agonist can be administered with therapeutic and adjuvant agents commonly used to treat edematous retinal disorders. The present invention also provides a method of treating cystic fibrosis. The present invention further provides P1-(2?-deoxycytidine 5?-)P4-(uridine 5?-) tetraphosphate, tetra-(alkali metal) salts such as tetrasodium, tetralithium, tetrapotassium, and mixed (tetra-alkali metal) salts. The present further provides a pharmaceutical formulation comprising a P1-(2?-deoxycytidine 5?-)P4-(uridine 5?-) tetraphosphate, tetra-(alkali metal) salt, in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: The present invention are directed to P1,P4-di(uridine 5?-)tetraphosphate, tetra-alkali metal salts such as tetrasodium, tetralithium, tetrapotassium, and mixed tetra-alkali metal cations thereof. The tetra alkali metal salts of P1,P4-di(uridine 5?-)tetraphosphate are water-soluble, nontoxic, and easy to handle during manufacture. These tetra-monovalent alkali metal salts are more resistant to hydrolysis than the mono-, di-, or tri-acid salts, therefore, they provide an improved stability and a longer shelf life for storage. The present invention also provides methods for the synthesis of P1,P4-di(uridine 5?-)tetraphosphate, and its pharmaceutically acceptably acceptable salts thereof, and demonstrates the applicability to the production of large quantities. The methods substantially reduce the time required to synthesize diuridine tetraphosphate, for example, to three days or less.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a method of preventing or treating diseases or conditions associated with platelet aggregation. The method is also directed to a method of treating thrombosis or related disorders. The method comprises administering to a subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of a non-nucleotide compound, preferably a P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound, wherein said amount is effective to inhibit platelet aggregation. The compounds useful for this invention include compounds of general Formulae III, IIIa, and IIIb, or salts, hydrates, and solvates thereof. The present invention also provides novel compounds of Formulae IIIa and IIIb, which are potent and have a good oral bioavailability.

Abstract: The present invention provides a P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound-eluting stent, wherein the stent is coated with one or more P2Y12 receptor antagonist compounds or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or hydrate thereof. When the stent is placed in a narrowed or damaged arterial vessel, a therapeutically effective amount of the P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound is eluted continuously from the stent to the local environment of the stent. The P2Y12 receptor antagonist compound-eluting stents are useful in preventing thrombosis and restenosis, and are effective in inhibiting the contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, and reducing inflammation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mononucleoside phosphate compounds that have the benefits of a dinucleotide pharmaceutical. These mononucleoside phosphates can be made from a mononucleotide that has been modified by attaching a degradation-resistant substituent on the terminal phosphate of a polyphosphate mononucleotide. By attaching this degradation-resistant substituent, the stability from degradation matches or exceeds those of certain dinucleotides. The mononucleoside phosphate compounds of the present invention are useful in preventing and treating epithelial tissue diseases or diseases or disorders associated with platelet aggregation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of stimulating cervical and vaginal secretions in a mammal by treatment with P2Y2 and/or P2Y4 purinergic receptor agonists. Treatment of vaginal dryness associated with menopause, chemotherapy, and various disease states as well as the treatment of vulvar pain is discussed. Suitable agonists such as UTP, CTP, ATP, dinucleotides and analogs thereof are disclosed.