Abstract: The inventors have studied the kinetic and hierarchy of activation of apoptogenic caspases during myocardial ischemia and have found that caspase 2 plays a major role during the cardiac pathology by a very fast activation after an ischemic episode. Experiments were carried out on animal models of transitory or permanent myocardial ischemia. It was then observed that electrophysiological remodeling and post-ischemic fibrosis were prevented by using caspase-2 specific inhibitors. The invention is then based on the demonstration that caspase-2 and its activation represents an early and transitory step of the cardiac apoptotic mechanisms resulting from a myocardial ischemic and involved in the development of hypertrophy and cardiac insufficiency. The invention thus relates to a method of treatment of cardiovascular pathologies resulting from ischemia by using certain caspase-2 specific inhibitors.