Abstract: The invention relates to a SQUID arrangement for measuring a change in a magnetic field, the change in the magnetic field being caused by a specimen that is arranged in a magnetization field and the SQUID arrangement including a direct current SQUID. In order to provide a simple design in which the losses in the magnetic flux are also simultaneously minimized, it is provided that the SQUID itself is embodied for generating the magnetization field.

Abstract: A miniaturized temperature-zone flow reactor, used for thermally controlled biochemical or molecular-biological processes, especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enables more efficient reactions by providing at least one closed flow path which is divided into three partial paths (A1 . . . An; B1 . . . Bn and BB1 . . . BBn?1; C1 . . . Cn) with the reactor having three substrate chips (A; B; C) which are made of a material having a high heat conductivity, and which have defined channel sections that are spaced apart relative to each other, and are connected by a connecting chip (V) made of a poor heat-conductive material. The substrate chips (A; B; C) are maintained at different temperatures by various means, including the use of controlling heating elements in contact with the chips.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Wheatstone bridge containing bridge elements that are connected in a conventional manner and consisting of a spin-valve system, in addition to a method for producing the same. The aim of the invention is to produce a Wheatstone bridge, in which respective half-bridges lying adjacent to one another have a respective non-parallel bias magnetisation direction. To achieve this, the respective bridge elements that are not adjacent (1, 3 or 2, 4) are provided with a doping of implantable ions in quantities of between 1.1012 and 5.1016 atoms/cm2 beneath the pinned ferromagnetic layer of a GMR- or TMR-spin-valve layer system.

Abstract: A microcompartment array with a high compartment density and a process for producing the same are disclosed. To solve the problem that consists in arranging as many compartments as possible per surface unit and in providing a process for producing the same which excludes any mixture of adjacent compartment contents even when the compartments are overfilled, without having to change the way in which the compartments are filled, a first functional surface lining is applied on the inner walls of the compartment-like recesses, whereas the support surface areas which separate the individual compartment-like recesses from each other by their open sides are provided with a second functional surface lining having an effect opposite to that of the first functional surface lining.

Abstract: The invention relates to a Hadamard spectrometer which enables the detection of a range of polyatomic gases or liquids for example using infrared absorption. The aim of the invention is to produce a spectrometer of this type which provides higher resolution, improved wavelength precision and an improved signal-to-noise ratio using conventional detector lines and which allows a small and compact design. To this end, a detector line (30) with a set interval (a) between the individual detector areas (31) is used for a detector unit (3), and a linear assembly (10) is also used for a light-emitting respective reflective assembly (1). The linear assembly includes (n) adjoining identical light sources (11, 12, 13, 14), n always remaining ≧3, which can be activated individually according to the Hadamard Principle.

Abstract: The invention provides a marker whose position in a cavity inside of a living organism can be determined, in particular for detecting local passage speeds of the marker through the gastro-intestinal tract, preferably in the small intestinal tract. The object of the invention is to provide a marker whose magnetization can be reversed with relatively low field intensities. To that end, the marker consists of a first substantially spherical part which contains a magnetizable material and is surrounded on all sides by a second part which is provided with a substantially spherical receptacle adapted to the surface shape of the first part, the receptacle being filled with a low-viscosity fluid.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method and an arrangement for determining the position of a marker in an organic cavity, in particular for establishing local passage speeds within the framework of the medical diagnosis of the stomach-bowel tract. The object of the invention is to provide a solution which ensures position-determining accuracy of greater than 1 cm in all three co-ordinate directions and permits position-determining times of 10 seconds and less in each case. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that at least one coil is acted upon in a time interval in a pulsed manner by current whose sign changes in each case between two current pulses, when the primary magnetic field, of the coil, produced thereby has died out to sufficiently low values. The secondary magnetic field generated by a marker is measured separately at least once by anisotropic magnetic field sensors parallel and perpendicular to the coil axis.

Abstract: A mixture suitable for the production of melt-processed high-temperature superconductors capable of producing a high levitation force. The mixture contains YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x powder with a very low content of copper oxide, i.e. copper not bound in with the YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x, and a very low carbon content. Also included are stabilizing (so-called "flux-pinning") additives. Also disclosed is a method or producing the mixture, as well as YBa.sub.2 Cu.sub.3 O.sub.7-x powder with suitable low free copper oxide and carbon contents, used to prepare the mixture.

Abstract: An optical sensor element for detecting organic compounds, particularly hydrocarbon. The sensor element permits the selective detection of substances by use of units which produce spectral displacements. This is realized by employing a spectral band filter, which comprises at least one layer of variable optical thickness of .lambda./4 and .lambda./2, respectively, or a multiple thereof, and said layer exhibits hydrophobic properties and includes organic affinity groups, the selection of which is adaptable to the substances to be detected.