Abstract: The invention relates to a process and a device for the interferometric detection of surface displacements of solids, particularly in test material which is excited with ultrasonic waves, in which an illumination laser 10 radiates the test material surface 2, and a portion of the reflected light, after passing through a differing optical path length, is brought into a state of interference, while the interference is identified by an installed detector 9. In arrangements of this type known to the prior art, a very expensive apparatus and control system is needed to assure that demodulation of the reflected laser light is performed with maximum sensitivity.

Abstract: A deflection measuring roller includes mutually non-rotatable rings having orce sensors for determining the stress distribution of undirected, flexible strips. A receiving chamber is made of a window which is formed in the material of the annular wall and within which the force sensor and wedge are provided.

Abstract: Apparatus for adjusting the position of an edge between two surface porti of a moving belt with different spectral reflectivities where required in connection with work or treatment needed along the edge of one of the two surface portions while the belt is moving. It is a pre-requisite condition that the mutually adjacent surfaces of the belt are sufficiently significantly optically detectable which is impaired, for example, in the presence of surface contamination by dirt and the like. In order to obtain a significant signal in such circumstances, the edge region is illuminated and an imaging or focussing lens associated with a beam splitter is arranged in the focus beam. Following the beam splitter the two part-beams pass through one filter each to impinge on in each case a photodiode receiver, each filter blocking passage in that wavelength range in which the other filter is transmissive.

Abstract: Apparatus is disclosed for determining the position of a surface in which radiation from an optical radiant source is applied to the surface and, by means of a lens system, an image of the radiation is produced on a photoelectric receiver. A laser serves as the radiant source, and is aimed at an angle of inclination relative to an optical axis of the lens system at a point of a surface which, by virtue of its temperature, emits visible radiation in the same wavelength range as the Laser. The surface extends approximately perpendicularly of the optical axis and is subject to positional variations along the said optical axis. The beam is directed from the irradiated point to the photoelectric receiver through a narrow-band optical filter of which the pass band includes the laser wavelength.

Abstract: A device for measuring stress distribution across the width of flexible litudinally moving strip material, such as strip steel during coldrolling. The device includes a deflection measuring roller comprised of a plurality of rotatable sections mounted side-by-side. Some of the sections have force pick-ups fitted therein and the elements cooperatively function to detect and measure deflection as an indication of stress distribution across the strip.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring forces and pressures comprises a high-pressure ensitivity metal wire embedded in a low shear force material, such as flexible rubber, which is compressible within a load cell by means of a movable piston. The ends of the metal wire are connected to shank(s) of a jacket thermo-element which can be drawn out of the load cell under internal pressure.

Abstract: An arrangement for measuring stress distribution over the width of a longdinally moving flexible strip wherein there are provided force transmitters and a deflection measuring roller made up of closely adjacent rings running with the strip under stress and reacting upon said force transmitters, wherein the force transmitters produce parallel switching output signals and rotate in a distortion-free position with said rings which are secured relatively to each other against distortion, the force transmitters being offset peripherally relative to adjacent rings and being connected in parallel circuit groups to a common rotation transmitter for which the output is designed for measurement value processing.

Abstract: In measuring the width of rolled stock, a photo-sensitive diode array overlying an edge of the stock is scanned to provide an indication of the position of the edge of the stock, the outputs of the diodes appearing serially to provide a waveform. To find the step in this waveform which represents the edge, the waveform is filtered to replace falling edges by shallow slopes and rising edges are detected in a peak rectifier/capacitor arrangement which can only discharge slowly. An output comparator is triggered in each cycle (except the first) by any rising edge signal which causes charging of the peak storage capacitor. The output comparator signal indicates the position in the scanning cycle of the article edge.