Abstract: A driving assistance system includes a sensor set, a data storage device and an output device. The sensor set observes apparent states of each road user of the plurality of road users at successive time steps, the data processor assigns a behavioral model stored in the data storage device, the data processor calculating a new maneuver distribution that is a probability distribution over a finite plurality of alternative maneuvers and a new state distribution that is a probability distribution of possible states for each alternative maneuver of the finite plurality of alternative maneuvers. The data processor determines a risk of collision of the road vehicle with another road user, based on the new maneuver and state distributions of the target road user, and outputs one or more of a driver warning signal and executes an avoidance action if the risk of collision exceeds a predetermined threshold.