Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, systems, and devices for monitoring one or more utilities consumed within a monitored area. At least certain disclosed methods include detecting an amount of a first utility consumed by a load associated with a device. An amount of a second utility consumed by a load associated with the device is detected. The identity of the device is determined based on the amount of the first and second utility consumed. In further disclosed methods, a utility monitoring method is disclosed that includes measuring an amount of a utility consumed by a first device at a first time and an amount of a utility consumed by a second device at a second time. The identity of the first device is determined based on the measured consumption of the first and second devices at the first and second time. In certain implementations, the electricity meter uses an effective variance analysis of the conductance waveform on an electrical circuit to identify specific appliances.

Abstract: Provided are an apparatus and method for generating random data to be used when masking data to be ciphered. The apparatus for generating random data according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is an apparatus for generating a random function using a physically unclonable function (PUF) logic. The apparatus for generating random data logically operates first data and second data using two different types of logic gates, and inverts the logical operation values selected from the logically operated first data and second data every odd sequence and then, inputs them as the second data again, thereby making it possible to form the output data as the random data. The present invention is applied to a data encryption apparatus for encrypting data to prevent a side channel attack.

Abstract: Provided is an optical communication device including optical switches. The optical communication device a first multi-mode core disposed on a substrate, the first multi-mode core extending in a first direction and second multi-mode cores disposed on a substrate, the second multi-mode cores parallelly extending in a second direction non-parallel to the first direction to intersect the first multi-mode core. The heaters respectively intersect intersectional regions between the first and second multi-mode cores.