Abstract: Conventional optical lithography uses masks with static patterns that are expensive and labor intensive to produce. The present disclosure is directed to a programmable optical lithography mask with an array of cells that use a hydrogen-mediated mechanism to tune their optical properties (e.g., transmission, absorption, refractive index, and/or reflectivity) dynamically and reversibly. Each cell in the programmable mask may be individually addressable to produce a large variety of patterns. The programmable mask may be configured for ultra-fine spatial resolution or coarse spatial resolution, facilitating a wide range of applications. The programmable mask may be stable against short wavelength light, such as broadband ultraviolet (UV) light, and can thus act as a light valve for short wavelength light.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for therapeutic and/or prophylactic treatment of an intracellular bacterial infection in a subject in need thereof, comprising one or more modulating agents, wherein the one or more modulating agents increase expression of IFN?, IL-2, TNF, and/or IL-17 in systemic and/or lung T cells. In some embodiments, the increase of expression of IFN?, IL-2, TNF, and/or IL-17 occurs in lung T cells. The lung T cells can be lung resident T cells or systemic T cells that are recruited to the lung. In some embodiments, the T cells are CD4+ and/or CD8+ T cells. In some embodiments, the intracellular bacterial infection is a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection.

Abstract: A spectrometer includes a transparent substrate including a first surface and a second surface that face each other and are substantially parallel to each other; a slit provided on the first surface and through which light is incident onto the transparent substrate; a spectrum optical system including metasurface including a plurality of nanostructures that are two-dimensionally arranged and satisfy a sub-wavelength scattering condition, wherein the metasurface includes a focusing metasurface which includes first nanostructures of the plurality of nanostructures, and is configured to reflect, disperse, and focus the light incident thereon through the slit, at different angles based on respective wavelengths; and a sensor configured to receive the light from the focusing metasurface. When L is a total length of an optical path from the slit to the sensor and D is a thickness of the transparent substrate, L and D satisfy the following inequality: L/D>3.

Abstract: A method and system provide the ability to autonomously operate an unmanned aerial system (UAS) over long durations of time. The UAS vehicle autonomously takes off from a take-off landing-charging station and autonomously executes a mission. The mission includes data acquisition instructions in a defined observation area. Upon mission completion, the UAS autonomously travels to a target landing-charging station and performs an autonomous precision landing on the target landing-charging station. The UAS autonomously re-charges via the target landing-charging station. Once re-charged, the UAS is ready to execute a next sortie. When landed, the UAS autonomously transmits mission data to the landing-charging station for in situ or cloud-based data processing.

Abstract: The invention provides for systems, methods, and compositions for targeting and editing nucleic acids. In particular, the invention provides non-naturally occurring or engineered DNA-targeting systems comprising a DNA-targeting Cpf1 protein, at least one guide molecule, and at least one adenosine deaminase protein or catalytic domain thereof.

Abstract: Described is a decoder suitable for use with any communication or storage system. The described decoder has a modular decoder hardware architecture capable of implementing a noise guessing process and due to its dependency only on noise, the decoder design is independent of any encoder, thus making it a universal decoder. Hence, the decoder architecture described herein is agnostic to any coding scheme.

Abstract: Methods and systems and related compositions for separating through a solid matrix a mixture comprising a nucleic acid in a concentration of 1 ?M or less, together with a target compound having a water solubility equal to or greater than 0.001 g per 100 mL, which can be used for managing fluid flow, biochemical reactions and purification of the nucleic acid or other target analytes. The method comprises contacting the solid matrix with a target compound removing agent having a water solubility equal to or less than 0.05 g per 100 mL at 25° C. at 1 atm pressure with water having a solubility in the removing agent of less than 10 g per 100 mL at 25° C. at 1 atm pressure, the contacting performed to remove the target compound from the solid matrix.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods, systems, compositions, and kits for the multiplexed detection of a plurality of analytes in a sample. In some examples, this disclosure provides methods, systems, compositions, and kits wherein multiple analytes may be detected in a single sample volume by acquiring a cumulative measurement or measurements of at least one quantifiable component of a signal. In some cases, additional components of a signal, or additional signals (or components thereof) are also quantified. Each signal or component of a signal may be used to construct a coding scheme which can then be used to determine the presence or absence of any analyte.

Abstract: Interferometric speckle visibility spectroscopy methods, systems, and non-transitory computer readable media for recovering sample speckle field data or a speckle field pattern from an off-axis interferogram recorded by one or more sensors over an exposure time and determining sample dynamics of a sample being analyzed from speckle statistics of the speckle field data or the speckle field pattern.

Abstract: A wireless power transfer (WPT) system regulation method and system for implementing zero voltage switching (ZVS) in a wide power range are provided. The method includes: determining, according to a topology structure of a WPT system and based on a linear state equation, a phase -shift angle boundary and a switching frequency boundary of an inverter that meet ZVS; fixing a switching frequency at a resonance frequency of the WPT system, and determining, in a phase -shift manner, a phase-shift range and a corresponding first voltage output range for implementing ZVS; determining a frequency variation range of a frequency modulation method; determining an optimal switching frequency based on corresponding switching frequencies and phase-shift angles that meet ZVS at different expected output voltages of the WPT system; determining a second voltage output range for implementing ZVS at the optimal switching frequency; and regulating the WPT system by using different regulation methods.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to the synthesis of ?12-Prostaglandin J product using stereoretentive ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts supported by dithiolate ligands. ?12-Prostaglandin J products were generated with excellent selectivity (>99% Z) and in moderate to high/good yields (47% to 80% yield; 58% to 80% yield).

Abstract: A semiconductor nanocrystal can be made by an in situ redox reaction between an M donor and an E donor.

Abstract: A Lucuma nervosa essence, a Lucuma nervosa aroma enhancer, a preparation method and applications thereof are disclosed. The Lucuma nervosa aroma enhancer includes methyl 3,7-dimethyl-6-octenoate and/or 3-(methylthio)propyl butyrate. A mass percentage of the Lucuma nervosa aroma enhancer in a Lucuma nervosa essence is 0.08%-1.1%, the Lucuma nervosa essence includes a substrate and the Lucuma nervosa aroma enhancer. The preparation method of the Lucuma nervosa essence includes mixing the components of the Lucuma nervosa essence. The Lucuma nervosa essence can be applied in preparing a food and/or a flavoring with a Lucuma nervosa flavor. When the Lucuma nervosa aroma enhancer provided by the present invention is used in combination with a Lucuma nervosa extract, or mixed with a composition in conjunction with other essence raw materials, the prepared Lucuma nervosa essence has full fruity aroma and strong sulfide aroma, thus effectively improving the aroma and taste of final products.

Abstract: A photonic integrated circuit comprising one or more waveguides comprising a second order non-linearity configured to operate on optical pulses each having a pulse length shorter than 1000 optical cycles, as measured at their full width at half maximum. The circuit is configured to generate one or more quantum states carried by one or more of the optical pulses, manipulate one or more of the quantum states, and/or measure one or more of the quantum states.

Abstract: A method of conditional neural ground planes for static-dynamic disentanglement is described. The method includes extracting, using a convolutional neural network (CNN), CNN image features from an image to form a feature tensor. The method also includes resampling unprojected 2D features of the feature tensor to form feature pillars. The method further includes aggregating the feature pillars to form an entangled neural ground plane. The method also includes decomposing the entangled neural ground plane into a static neural ground plane and a dynamic neural ground plane.

Abstract: Iron-containing alloys, and associated systems and methods, are generally described. The iron-containing alloys are, according to certain embodiments, nanocrystalline. According to certain embodiments, the iron-containing alloys have high relative densities. The iron-containing alloys can be relatively stable, according to certain embodiments. Inventive methods for making iron-containing alloys are also described herein. The inventive methods for making iron-containing alloys can involve, according to certain embodiments, sintering nanocrystalline particulates comprising iron and at least one other element (e.g., at least one other metal or a metalloid) to form an iron-containing nanocrystalline alloy.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a signal receiver and signal receiving method involving nonlinear detection method for mmWave OTFS systems in high mobility scenarios with non-ideal power amplifier, which is applicable in the fifth generation (5G) and beyond networks. The millimeter wave (mmWave) system is envisioned to be a promising candidate of 5G. However, the high frequency and large bandwidth operation in mmWaves result in nonlinear distortions from the power amplifier in the system. The nonlinearly distorted signals from non-ideal power amplifier when propagate through a wideband high mobility channel tremendously degrades the systems performance. Attributed to the non-ideal power amplifier, the nonlinear distortions induce multiplicative distortions and inter symbol interference (ISI) in the OTFS system. It further causes the posterior probability of the transmitted signal non-Gaussian and analytically intractable.

Abstract: Process and apparatus (10) are disclosed for capturing and converting an ozone-depleting alkyl halide fumigant from a fumigant/air mixed stream (14) by absorbing it into a metal hydroxide-alcohol buffer solution (26) in an absorber/scrubber (12) to produce a fumigant-free air stream (28). The captured alkyl halide in aqueous alcohol solution can actively react with the metal hydroxide in alcohol solution to produce a value-added product, such as a precipitate metal halide, and another alcohol that further enhances absorption. The absorbing solution is well-mixed with make-up alcohol and alkali streams to maintain the concentration of the metal hydroxide in the desired buffer solution range. The solid precipitate metal halide (52) is separated from the liquid stream, and the metal hydroxide-containing mixed alcohol stream (26) is recycled to the absorber/scrubber (12).

Abstract: This invention is directed to composites and films comprising hydroxyapatite, biodegradable polymer, a biocompatible surfactant with inorganic fullerene-like (IF) nanoparticles or inorganic nanotubes (INT); methods of preparation and uses thereof.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses, and systems related to electrochemical capture of Lewis acid gases from fluid mixtures are generally described. Certain embodiments are related to electrochemical methods involving selectively removing a first Lewis acid gas from a fluid mixture containing multiple types of Lewis acid gases (e.g., a first Lewis acid gas and a second Lewis acid gas). Certain embodiments are related to electrochemical systems comprising certain types of electroactive species having certain redox states in which the species is capable of binding a first Lewis acid gas but for which binding with a second Lewis acid gas is thermodynamically and/or kinetically unfavorable. The methods, apparatuses, and systems described herein may be useful in carbon capture and pollution mitigation applications.