Abstract: Apparatus for producing panoramic x-ray image projections of the dental arch on X-ray film. The apparatus includes a fixed body (1). The opposite ends of a movable supporting arm (11) are fitted with an X-ray source (12) and a film holder (13) that may be positioned on opposite sides of the dental arch. A first drive (20-23) produces a rotating motion of supporting arm (11) with respect to the arch. A second drive (2, 4) sets the center of rotating motion in linear movement in dependence on the angular position of supporting arm (11). The apparatus further includes a selector (3, 6, 10) for selecting the direction of linear motion (translatory motion) as desired.

Abstract: The inventon relates to a method and apparatus for marking or recording patient-related information and other necessary data in connection with X-ray imaging on a certain section of a film (6) by using a marking apparatus (2) which is movable relative to film (6). In the method, markings are made latent on film (6) in a manner that the markings become visible in connection with film development. The marking is effected as a sequence, line-directed deviation of a marking being obtained by moving the marking apparatus and the film relative to each other. The marking apparatus (2) used in the method is provided with marking elements which are brought into contact with film (6) for producing a marking on film (6), vertical deviation of alphanumerical marks included in a marking being achieved by individually controlling the operation of each marking element included in the marking apparatus.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for the examination of an object by the application of methods, such as magnetic imaging, based on nuclear magnetic resonance. The apparatus includes means for creating a first magnetic field over an object to be examined as well as means for creating and registering a nuclear magnetic resonance signal. The apparatus further includes means for creating a second magnetic field in a manner that the formation of nuclear magnetization occurring between successive excitation and signal pick-up events is at least partially effected while the second magnetic field is switched on.

Abstract: The invention relates to a water separator for a gas analyzer, comprising a tube (12) for passing a gas sample into the water separator, wherein water separation is effected in a tubular passage by dividing the flow into two partial flows. The wall or walls (3) of a first tubular passage (17) are made of a porous material, readily permeable to gas, and this main flow, which has penetrated the wall, is passed into a second tubular passage (4) and via a tube (10) on to measuring sensors (5 and 6) but the water, which is not able to penetrate the porous wall of first passage (17), is passed along with a minor amount of gas down a passage (17, 13) into a water receiver (15) and this many times lesser side flow further via a tube (14) into a third tubular passage (16), through its porous wall (3) into a fourth tubular passage (18) and via a tube (11) through a flow throttle (7) on to a pump (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device intended for monitoring the carbon dioxide output, oxygen consumption and respiration quotient of a patient connected to a respirator. The device comprises O.sub.2 (15) and CO.sub.2 (14) analyzers, a mixing chamber (6), a constant flow fan (8), a gas collector hose (2) and magnetic valves (10-13). The carbon dioxide output and oxygen consumption are directly calculated from the carbon dioxide content of gas mixed with constant air flow from said mixing chamber, from the carbon dioxide and oxygen contents of the gas in said mixing chamber, and from the oxygen content of the gas delivered into a patient by said respirator.

Abstract: The present apparatus relates to a bioelectric patient monitor, comprising an EKG-amplifier (1) and an EEG-amplifier (2) as well as a patient connecting cable (6), provided with at least five wires with their electrodes (7). The patient connecting cable (6) is connected to amplifiers (1 and 2) by way of a distributor switch (4). By selecting with distributor switch (4), it is possible to monitor either a 5-wire electrocardiogram or optionally a 3-wire electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of mapping the local distribution of B.sub.1 -dispersion of relaxation tim T.sub.1.rho. of the nucleus of a certain element, such as hydrogen or phosphorus of an object, such as e.g. a human body or a part of it, or the trunk of a tree. In the method of this invention, an object area is first subjected to a first excitation pulse, which tilts the magnetization of the nuclei of said object area preferably 90.degree. and thereafter to a locking pulse, whose phase and frequency are selected in a manner that relaxation with respect to the magnetic vector of this locking pulse takes place, followed by performing the required procedures by applying per se known nuclear spin imaging methods, and the above sequence of operations is repeated as many times as desired by changing the amplitude of said locking pulse.

Abstract: The invention relates to a gas flow constriction module for the distribution and control of the flow in a respiratory gas monitoring device. The constriction means is provided by a thin, long, plastic constriction tube (3) which is wound on a coil body (2), including couplings (5) in which said constriction tube (3) is cast. Also the part of constriction tube on the coil body can be cast in an adhesive. The arrangement serves to eliminate the problems that are otherwise involved in the use of a long, thin and slippery plastic tubing.

Abstract: The invention relates to a pressure control system and apparatus for the cuff of an automatic blood pressure meter. Pressure reduction is adapted to be effected by using at least two constrictions (3) having a constant constriction, the selection and combination of such constrictions being performed by digitally controlled magnetic valves (4). Such magnetic valves are controlled by a microprocessor (6) depending on a measuring value provided by a sensor (7) for measuring the cuff pressure transition rate so as to obtain a desired, approximately linear rate of pressure reduction. The constrictors (3) comprise thin flexible tubes. The system is capable of compensating automatically for the changes caused in the desired volume air flow by the cuff size and tightness, variations in the circumference of a person's arm, the heartbeat density and pressure range.

Abstract: A method of mapping the local distribution of the coupling constant J and for the application of this method, as for example, for examining the dynamic properties of an object. The object is excited with a first (90.degree.) excitation pulse. A magnetic field gradient is applied to the object and after a first time delay, the object is subjected to a second (180.degree.) excitation pulse. A magnetic field gradient is reapplied and after a second time delay, the spin echo signal is obtained. The sequence is repeated by changing the first and second delay times and changing the time integrals of the magnetic field gradients in accordance with the selected NMR imaging method. The second excitation pulse is preferably maintained at the midway point of the time between the first excitation pulse and the spin echo. The method may be used to analyze metabolic or physiological properties by using tracers with nuclei having coupling constants differing from the nuclei normally present in the object.

Abstract: A gas collector unit to be fitted over the head of a patient for measuring oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide output and respiratory quotient, said unit comprising a clear, substantially half-ellipsoidal plastic canopy (1), a cylinder of plastic sheeting (8), which is airtightly seamed to its edges and whose mouth (10) can be airtightly sealed around the neck of a patient, as well as hose couplings (2) and (3) and flow diffusers (6) and (7) associated therewith. The free volume of a canopy with a patient's head therein is less than a third of the amount air flowing through the canopy per minute and that the free cross-sectional area of a canopy perpendicular to flow is dimensioned in a manner that the average speed of air flow over the face is higher than 4 cm/s and the CO.sub.2 -content of inhalation air is less than 0.2%.

Abstract: A method for determining the spatial distribution of an NMR responsive element in a selected volume of an object to be examined and the relaxation time in the rotating frame (Tl .rho.) of nuclei of the element. An external magnetic field is applied to the selected volume of the object. The nuclei in the selected volume are excited by a first electromagnetic pulse for generating a nuclear magnetization transverse to the direction of the main magnetic field. A second electromagnetic pulse is applied to the selected volume. The second pulse is oscillatory and has a phase selected such that the magnetic component of the pulse is directed parallel to the direction of the processing transverse nuclear magnetization. The relaxation obtained during this second pulse occurs in a rotating reference frame and is characterized by the relaxation time Tl .rho..

Abstract: The invention relates to an RF (=radio frequency) coil arrangement for an NMR examination apparatus, an object or target to be examined, e.g. a patient or part of a patient being adapted to be placed inside said coil arrangement which is adapted to excite the nuclei of a selected target area by transmitting an RF pulse substantially orthogonal to a homogeneous basic magnetic field produced by the apparatus and, thereafter, to receive and detect an NMR signal generated in the target. In order to eliminate the drawbacks of a so-called saddle coil conventionally used as an RF coil the invention is characterized in that it comprises a transfer line, continuous and wired in a manner that its various parts induce an RF field of different direction. Both in excitation and detection of signals, said transfer line can be adapted to process a magnetic field rotating in just one direction and it can be connected as an endless loop.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coil arrangement intended for an NMR testing apparatus for collecting NMR information about a target to be examined, said arrangement comprising first coil means (2) for exciting the nuclei of a target area and for receiving a signal emitted by the nuclei of a target area. The arrangement further includes second coil means (6) for gaining the amplitude of a signal emitted by a limited section of a target and connected to said first coil means, said gain being in proportion to the amplitude of a signal connecting from another section of a target. This is a way of improving the ratio of a signal connecting to said first coil means (2) from said limited section of a target to the electric noise created in the signal collection unit and in a target. The invention can be preferably applied to NMR imaging units which, in addition to mapping the entire body, can be used for the examination of smaller subdomains, such as the eye, ear, limbs etc.

Abstract: The invention relates to a patient support system in a narrow-beam tomographic X-ray apparatus, having a fixed frame fitted with a substantially vertical member (1), means (7, 8, 9) mounted on the frame for supporting a patient's head, said means being adapted to hold a patient's head (P) steady during the imaging session, as well as a bearer bar (3), fitted with a source of X-radiation (4) and imaging instruments (5) on the opposite sides relative to an object to be imaged and said bar being adapted in a known manner to perform rotational or combined rotational linear movement for scanning a predetermined layer to be imaged. In order to facilitate patient positioning and to secure proper positioning of a patient, said head support means (7, 8, 9) are set in a manner that the medial sagittal plane (S) of a patient supported thereby does not intersect said vertical frame member (1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a controlled source of current (1) having an inductive load (3), particularly a gradient coil adaptable to a nuclear spin imaging assembly. In order to cut down the reversal time of a current flowing in the load, the circuit is provided, according to the invention, with controlled energy storage instruments (2) connected in series with source of current (1) and inductive load (3) for increasing the rate of conversion of energy stored in said inductive load (3). Said instruments (2) preferably comprise capacitor means (C1, C2) and switch means (F1 . . . F4) for controlling the capacitors, facilitating a quick transfer of energy into or out of load (3). Said switch means (F1 . . . F4) are controlled by means of instruments (6) sensing a current flowing in inductive load (3), the conversion of energy being thus accurately controlled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recovering nuclear spin or NMR information about a target, such as a human body placed in at least substantially homogenous magnetic field, a desired part of the target being excited by means of a radiofrequency magnetic field which preferably deviates nuclear magnetization through 90.degree., a so-called spin echo is generated by utilizing a second excitation of the target volume which preferably deviates nuclear magnetization through 180.degree., said spin echo is recorded and said excitation sequence is repeated. At least one magnetic field is applied to the target in a manner that the duration and/or amplitude of said magnetic field gradient are varied between various repetitions, so that the difference between the absolute values of time integral of a value following said 180.degree. pulse and a value preceding said 180.degree. pulse of said magnetic field gradient obtains a different value. This way, the use of bipolar current sources is avoided.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a coil arrangement for an NMR examination apparatus, comprising a solenoid type of coil assembly (1, 3) for producing a homogeneous basic magnetic field, fitted inside it, a high-frequency coil (5) for transmitting radio-frequency pulses and for receiving NMR-signals generated in a target to be examined, a magnetic field gradient coil assembly (9) comprising one or a plurality of coils. In order to eliminate the relative disturbance effect of coils and to optimize the size of an assembly, a former (2) of said coil arrangement for producing said basic magnetic field is made of a material at least substantially not conducting electricity, e.g. of fiberglass-reinforced epoxy, at least on those parts of the coil arrangement that are near the part to be examined of a target, and said high-frequency coil (5) is located immediately in the vicinity of said coil former (2).