Abstract: An elongate sensor, system and method for detecting moisture and/or corrosion. The elongate sensor can include multiple conductors located alongside one another, or parallel with each other, not contacting each other and not making direct electrical contact between one another. Each conductor has a distinct pattern of alternating insulated and non-insulated portions. In each insulated portion, the Nth conductor is within an electrically non-conducting material forming Nth non-detecting portions. In each non-insulated portion, the Nth conductor is exposed or not electrically insulated forming Nth detecting portions. Each of the Nth detecting or non-detecting portions would have a single Nth unit length. Each Nth unit length is a distance equal to two to the power of N minus one first unit lengths, 2(N?1) times the first unit length. Electrically conductive object provides a base conductor and/or the elongate sensor includes a base conductor.

Abstract: A reaction torque limiting backup wrench arrangement (1) has at least one fastener engaging means e.g. spanner (6) or socket (170), for a pressure boundary bolted joint nut (5) of a respective fastener (3). The backup wrench arrangement provides a reaction torque up to a threshold above which rotation allowed by motion of the fastener engaging means is determined by a magnitude of the reaction torque and force deflection characteristic of a biasing arrangement acting directly or indirectly on the fastener engaging means. Tension in the flexible tension element e.g. chain (7) urges the spanner (6) onto the nut (5) of the fastener permitting the spanner to displace when torque transmitted through a bolt to the nut or bolt head within the spanner exceeds a threshold torque, enabling the nut or bolt head to rotate, helping prevent bolt over-tightening, and helping indicate the bolt seizing or galling.

Abstract: A bolt load measuring arrangement 31 has a bolt 4 with a reference pin 10 extending from the root 12 of a hole 11 in the bolt. Shoulder 23 of a bore 22 defines a strainable portion datum shoulder located within the strainable portion 7 of the bolt 4. Strain datum sleeve 32 can have a strain datum surface 16 at its outer end. The strain datum sleeve 32 has a hole 33 to allow it to pass around the reference pin 10 which extends to the end of the strain datum sleeve. The reference datum 15 is on the outer end of the reference pin 10 and the strain datum 16 is on the outer end of the strain datum sleeve 32. The outer end of the strain datum sleeve includes an alignment protrusion 34 over which the measuring tool 40 engages. Fit between the alignment protrusion and the tool 40 is essential to achieving the alignment accuracy for accurate datum relative position measurements and therefore accurate load measurement.

Abstract: A reaction torque limiting backup wrench arrangement (1) has at least one fastener engaging means e.g. spanner (6) or socket (170), for a pressure boundary bolted joint nut (5) of a respective fastener (3). The backup wrench arrangement provides a reaction torque up to a threshold above which rotation allowed by motion of the fastener engaging means is determined by a magnitude of the reaction torque and force deflection characteristic of a biasing arrangement acting directly or indirectly on the fastener engaging means. Tension in the flexible tension element e.g. chain (7) urges the spanner (6) onto the nut (5) of the fastener permitting the spanner to displace when torque transmitted through a bolt to the nut or bolt head within the spanner exceeds a threshold torque, enabling the nut or bolt head to rotate, helping prevent bolt over-tightening, and helping indicate the bolt seizing or galling.

Abstract: A member (10), for bearing a load, including a load receiving portion (12) at which the load is applicable to the member. A strainable portion (14) is connected to the load receiving portion to be strained by the load. A datum (16a) is defined and an elongate portion (18) defines another datum (18a). The datums are arranged such that relative displacement therebetween indicates an amount by which the strainable portion is strained. The strainable portion defines the datum.

Abstract: A bolt load measuring arrangement 31 has a bolt 4 with a reference pin 10 extending from the root 12 of a hole 11 in the bolt. Shoulder 23 of a bore 22 defines a strainable portion datum shoulder located within the strainable portion 7 of the bolt 4. Strain datum sleeve 32 can have a strain datum surface 16 at its outer end. The strain datum sleeve 32 has a hole 33 to allow it to pass around the reference pin 10 which extends to the end of the strain datum sleeve. The reference datum 15 is on the outer end of the reference pin 10 and the strain datum 16 is on the outer end of the strain datum sleeve 32. The outer end of the strain datum sleeve includes an alignment protrusion 34 over which the measuring tool 40 engages. Fit between the alignment protrusion and the tool 40 is essential to achieving the alignment accuracy for accurate datum relative position measurements and therefore accurate load measurement.

Abstract: A member (10), for bearing a load, including a load receiving portion (12) at which the load is applicable to the member. A strainable portion (14) is connected to the load receiving portion to be strained by the load. A datum (16a) is defined and an elongate portion (18) defines another datum (18a). The datums are arranged such that relative displacement therebetween indicates an amount by which the strainable portion is strained. The strainable portion defines the datum.