Abstract: A frame based data transfer device includes a receive frame parser, a receive frame processor, and a DMA engine. The receive frame parser receives a frame, stores framing information from the frame in a receive header queue, and stores an information unit from the frame in an information unit buffer. The receive frame processor is coupled to the receive header queue. The receive frame processor reads a transport layer task context as determined by a tag field in the framing information, determines how to handle the frame from the transport layer task context and framing information, generates a DMA descriptor, and stores an updated transport layer task context. The DMA engine is coupled to the information unit buffer and receive frame processor. The DMA engine reads a DMA task context, transfers the information unit to a destination memory by processing the DMA descriptor, and stores an updated DMA task context.

Abstract: In a telecommunications system such as a global mobile telephone network in which each subscriber unit includes a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM card), each SIM card has fixed memory locations (22), to which data can be addressed over the air. Some of the locations (22) can not be overwritten from the subscriber unit but can be accessed therefrom on the entry of short simple codes, each associated with one of the locations. Further fixed memory locations (24) can be read over the air only when the subscriber enters a personal identification number. Locking control files (27, 28) are used to control read/write access to the locations (22, 24) respectively.

Abstract: An area-efficient delay cell utilizes transistor stacks to control positive feedback responsive to a counter code, thereby controlling the hysteresis and overall signal delay of the cell. The code-delay response of the cell can be modified by freezing the counter code at a convenient value. Linear superposition of the responses of one modified cell connected in series with one unmodified cell provides a more linear overall response and reduces jitter when used in a delay locked loop.

Abstract: A low jitter external clocking system and method are disclosed. According to one embodiment of the present invention, a differential clock signal is received on a first clock signal line and a second clock signal line. A differential amplifier coupled to the first clock signal line and the second clock signal line amplifies the differential clock signal into a single-ended output clock signal.

Abstract: An arrayed wavelength grating device has a series of waveguiding channels (3) interconnecting two free space regions (2,4) across which light inputting and outputting the device passes. There are differences in optical path length between any two of said channels (3) lying adjacent to one other in said series, which differences are defined by respective optical path length increments. The optical path length progression across said channels (3) is non-linear, not being defined by any one value of the path length increments, nor by a plural number of values of the path length increments each defining a linear optical path length progression of a subset of at least three of said channels (3).

Abstract: A method comprises feeding a chlorite, a chlorine donor, and an acid into a water line connected to a water system through which water is flowing, or a mixing chamber connected to a water system, wherein the chlorite and chlorine donor being present in a molar ratio from 1.0:0.1 to 1.0:15.0 chlorite to chlorine donor; whereby chlorine dioxide is generated substantially instantaneously in solution and substantially no undissolved chlorine dioxide gas is evolved; and feeding the solution comprising chlorine dioxide into the water system. The solution comprising chlorine dioxide in the mixing chamber can have a chlorine dioxide concentration from 20,000 to 50,000 ppm.

Abstract: Interrogator for an electronic identification system having a first oscillator arranged to vary in frequency in accordance with the frequency of a received signal, a second oscillator arranged to vary in accordance with the frequency of the first oscillator after a delay of a number of cycles of the received signal, a phase discriminator for detecting the phase difference between respective output signals of the first and second oscillators and a phase-change detector arranged to determine the frequency at which the phase changes occur. In this way, a modulation frequency of the received signal can be determined.

Abstract: A solution for generating chlorine dioxide comprises a chlorite, a chlorine donor, an alkali, and water. Substantially all of the chlorite is converted to chlorine dioxide upon acidification of the solution. Methods for preparing and using the solution are based on such solution.

Abstract: Polyvinyl alcohol is processed into fiber or pellets for further processing, or directly into water-soluble film, in a screw-and-barrel extruder, which has a slow temperature rise and a mild kneading action achieved by a non-stick coating applied to the screw.

Abstract: In a bandpass filter, a first cyclical analogue signal V3 at a center frequency divided by integer N in divide 44 and the divided signal supplied to a digital filter 48 as its system clock; a second cyclical analogue signal at a frequency, to be measured, differing by a small amount from the center frequency, is delayed by N cycles by a dynamic store 54; a substractor 56 subtracts the second signal from the delayed second signal and supplies any difference to the digital filter 48; the output of the digital filter is related to the frequency of the second signal, but the center frequency is suppressed. The filter may be used in an interrogation for an electronic detection system in which an interrogation signal is modified in frequency by a small amount, characteristic of a device to be detected.

Abstract: A thin durable decorative coating is applied to a concrete substrate such as a floor by applying a 0.1 mm coating of runny cement-plus-fines (water:cement=1:1) to the substrate. Capillary suction by the substrate very rapidly dewaters the coating, which is compacted by atmospheric pressure and matures to form an inseparable coating on the substrate. The fines may include colourings, mica or other additives to enhance the final appearance.