Abstract: The present invention provides a compound, a salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof as a compound effective for preventing and/or treating fibrosis, the compound being represented by formula (1) (wherein A is an optionally substituted benzene ring; B is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom; Y is a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom, of Y is a single or double bond when Y is a carbon atom, or of Y is a single bond when Y is a nitrogen atom; each R1 independently represents lower alkyl, or two R1s may be bound to each other to form a spiro ring or a crosslinked structure, or two R1s may be bound to each other to form a saturated fused heterocycle together with nitrogen and carbon atoms constituting a ring containing Y; p is 0, 1, or 2; or (R1)p is oxo).

Abstract: A crystal quartz element includes a main face provided with a plurality of polarity inverted regions and a polarity non-inverted region, the plurality of polarity inverted regions are spaced apart from each other via the polarity non-inverted region, and the main face is a plane face. A method for manufacturing a crystal quartz element includes: preparing a crystal quartz body including a first main face which is a plane face, and a first pressing jig including a first pressing face on which a plurality of first projections are provided; and forming a plurality of polarity inverted regions corresponding to the plurality of first projections in the crystal quartz body by heating and pressing the first main face by the first pressing face.

Abstract: An optical element according to an embodiment includes: a substrate having a first main surface and a second main surface on a side opposite to the first main surface and formed of single crystal, ceramic, or glass; and a heat sink bonded to the second main surface and having a refractive index lower than that of the first substrate, wherein a waveguide is formed in the substrate, wherein each of a pair of side surfaces of the waveguide in a direction intersecting with an extending direction of the waveguide and a thickness direction of the substrate is a modified surface obtained by modifying the substrate, and wherein the modified surface extends from the first main surface to the second main surface.

Abstract: An instruction processing apparatus including a processor configured to execute a process including issuing, by an instruction scheduler, instructions that can be executed; holding, by a register file, data used by the instructions; executing, by an execution unit including a plurality of stages, the instructions issued by the instruction scheduler; detecting, by a detector, early termination in which an execution result of an intermediate stage, which is before a final stage among the plurality of stages, is the same as an execution result of the execution unit; and transferring, by a bypass controller, the data output from the register file or the execution result from the execution unit, to an input of the execution unit, and in response to the detector detecting the early termination, bypassing the execution result of the intermediate stage to the input of the execution unit.

Abstract: An image processing device includes a processor that executes a procedure. The procedure includes: generating a manipulated image by executing first manipulation processing on an input image so as to anonymize information contained in the input image; generating a reconstructed image by performing reconstruction processing on the manipulated image to reconstruct the information; and, based on a comparison between the input image and the reconstructed image, determining whether or not to execute second manipulation processing on the input image or on the manipulated image to anonymize the information, wherein the second manipulation processing is different from the first manipulation processing.

Abstract: A determination apparatus calculates, based on a first data group which includes data indicating behaviors of people, reference behavior data indicating a reference behavior among the people about each of a plurality of types of behaviors, acquires, from the first data group, first behavior data indicating a behavior of a first person about each behavior type, calculates difference between the first behavior data and the reference behavior data about each behavior type, determines, from the plurality of types, at least one first type whose difference is at least a first threshold, registers second behavior data indicating a behavior of the first person about each first type in a second data group, extracts third behavior data indicating a behavior of a second person from an input image, and determines whether the second person is identical with the first person based on comparison between the third and second behavior data.

Abstract: A processor includes request issuing units issuing an access request to a storage, a data array including banks holding sub data divided from data read from the storage based on the access request, a switch to transfer the access request to one of the banks, and first and second determination units. The first determination unit determines a cache hit when a tag address included in the access address matches a tag address held therein in correspondence with an index address included in the access address. The second determination unit determines a cache hit when identification information corresponding to a first tag address included in the access address and a second tag address included in the access address, match identification information and second tag address held therein. A cache controller makes access to the data array or storage, based on a determination result of the first or second determination unit.

Abstract: An optical isolator according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes a first polarizer through which incident light transmits, a Faraday rotator configured to rotate the polarization direction of the light, and a second polarizer through which the light transmits. The Faraday rotator includes a calcium fluoride crystal. When a, b, and c axes are the [001], [100], and [010] crystallographic axes, respectively, and x, y, and z axes are obtained by rotating the three axes by a first angle of 40° to 50° about the c axis and by a second angle of 45° to 75° about the b axis rotated by the first angle, the z axis is parallel to the propagation direction of the light, and the calcium fluoride crystal is disposed such that the transmission axis of the first polarizer and the x axis have an angle difference of 0° to 45°.

Abstract: An optical isolator includes a first polarizer arranged such that a transmission axis thereof is set to cause a normalized transmittance with respect to incident light having a wavelength of ultraviolet and linear polarization to be 0.9 or more, a Faraday rotator using a Faraday material configured to rotate a polarization direction of light having transmitted through the first polarizer in a first rotation direction by a first rotation amount by a magnetic field and rotate the polarization direction in a second rotation direction opposite to the first rotation direction by a second rotation amount by optical activity or birefringence, and a second polarizer arranged such that a transmission axis thereof is set to cause a normalized transmittance with respect to the incident light having transmitted through the Faraday rotator to be 0.9 or more.

Abstract: An ultraviolet laser apparatus includes an oscillation-stage laser, an amplifier that amplifies the pulse laser light, and an optical isolator. The optical isolator includes a first Faraday rotator that rotates the polarization direction of the pulse laser light output from the oscillation-stage laser by a first angle in a first rotation direction, a first polarizer so disposed to transmit the pulse laser light that exits out of the first Faraday rotator at normalized transmittance greater than or equal to 0.9, a second Faraday rotator that rotates the polarization direction of the pulse laser light passing through the first polarizer by a second angle in the opposite direction to the first rotation direction, and a second polarizer so disposed to transmit the pulse laser light that exits out of the second Faraday rotator at the normalized transmittance greater than or equal to 0.9.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a chamber, a light beam generation apparatus, and a photodetector. The light beam generation apparatus includes a light source, an optical mask, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. The optical mask includes an inner region having a rectangular shape with a side parallel to a first direction or a second direction, and an outer region surrounding the inner region. When an xy coordinate system including an x axis parallel to the first direction and a y axis parallel to the second direction is set on an image plane, the light beam generation apparatus forms and regularly arranges focusing spots such that a minimum value of a difference between x coordinate values and a minimum value of a difference between y coordinate values of center positions of the focusing spots are longer than a non-overlapping distance.

Abstract: A forward optical intensity modulation signal, generated by optical intensity-modulating a laser signal using a forward microwave phase modulation signal, is transmitted from a base to a remote station. A backward microwave phase modulation signal, in which frequency of the forward microwave phase modulation signal is changed by demodulating the forward optical intensity modulation signal, is generated, and a backward optical intensity modulation signal, generated by optical intensity-modulating the laser signal using the backward microwave phase modulation signal, is transmitted from the remote station to the base. The backward microwave phase modulation signal is extracted by photoelectric converting the backward optical intensity modulation signal, a round trip timing is extracted by demodulating the backward microwave phase modulation signal, and transmission delay is determined from a difference between the timing and the round trip timing.

Abstract: A processor includes a queue configured to hold a memory access instruction including one or more addresses, a contracted address generator configured to generate a contracted address by contracting bits of multiple addresses in a case where the memory access instruction includes the multiple addresses, a conflict detector configured to detect a conflict between the contracted address and the address held in the queue, and an access controller configured to control processes of the memory access instruction held in the queue, based on a detection result of the conflict detector.

Abstract: An encoding method is performed by an encoding apparatus, and the encoding method includes a step in which an image of an object captured by a camera in a plurality of frames of a moving image is analyzed and it is determined whether camera parameters relating to an intrinsic matrix of the camera are invariable, a step in which, when the camera parameters are invariable, six parameters representing destinations of three points for a projective transformation unit of the image of the object are generated, and a homography matrix is generated on the basis of the six parameters, and a step in which projective transformation is performed on the projective transformation unit of the image of the object using the homography matrix, and a prediction signal of the image of the object is generated on the basis of the result of the projective transformation.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a chamber, a light beam generation apparatus, and a photodetector. The light beam generation apparatus includes a light source, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. Each of pixels of the spatial light modulator has a rectangular shape with a side parallel to a first direction or a second direction, and the pixels are arranged at regular intervals along the first direction and the second direction. When an xy coordinate system including an x axis parallel to the first direction and a y axis parallel to the second direction is set on an image plane, the light beam generation apparatus forms and regularly arranges focusing spots such that a minimum value of a difference between x coordinate values and a minimum value of a difference between y coordinate values of center positions of the focusing spots are longer than a non-overlapping distance.

Abstract: A chirality detector of the present invention for detecting chirality of chiral material, includes: a first electrode and a second electrode that are configured to apply a voltage to a subject containing the chiral material; a spin detection layer configured to be in contact with the subject; a power supply; and a control section. The power supply and the control section are configured to generate an electric field at the subject by applying the voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode. The control section is configured to detect a voltage generated in the spin detection layer in a direction that goes across a direction of the electric field or a voltage generated between the spin detection layer and the subject, and also is configured to detect chirality of the chiral material on the basis of the detected voltage.

Abstract: A processor includes issuing units to issue a read access request to a storage, a cache including banks capable of holding first data divided from data read from the storage, a switch interconnecting the issuing units and the banks, and a data distribution unit disposed between the issuing units and the switch. The switch outputs one of read access requests to a bank that is a read target, when each of read target data of the read access requests issued from the issuing units is one of second data included in the first data, and the first data read from the bank is output to the data distribution unit. The data distribution unit outputs each of the second data, divided from the first data received from the switch, in parallel to an issuing unit that is an originator of the read access request.

Abstract: An optical oscillator includes a first reflection part configured to reflect light of a first wavelength, a laser medium excited by excitation light of a second wavelength different from the first wavelength and configured to emit light of the first wavelength, a second reflection part configured to form an unstable resonator together with the first reflection part, the unstable resonator being configured to output annular laser light of the first wavelength, and a saturable absorption part disposed between the laser medium and the second reflection part and of which a transmittance increases with absorption of light of the first wavelength. When a power of the excitation light is indicated by Pp (kW), and an inner diameter of the annular laser light is indicated by di, and an outer diameter is indicated by do, and do/di is a magnification m, the magnification m satisfies a0+a1 Log(Pp)?m?b0+b1Pp+b2Pp2.

Abstract: A processor includes request issuing units issuing an access request to a storage, a data array including banks holding sub data divided from data read from the storage based on the access request, a switch to transfer the access request to one of the banks, and first and second determination units. The first determination unit determines a cache hit when a tag address included in the access address matches a tag address held therein in correspondence with an index address included in the access address. The second determination unit determines a cache hit when identification information corresponding to a first tag address included in the access address and a second tag address included in the access address, match identification information and second tag address held therein. A cache controller makes access to the data array or storage, based on a determination result of the first or second determination unit.

Abstract: A quantum simulator includes a pseudo speckle pattern generator, a main vacuum chamber, an atomic gas supply unit, a light beam generator, a photodetector, and an atom number detector. The pseudo speckle pattern generator generates a pseudo speckle pattern in the inside of the main vacuum chamber by light allowed to enter the inside of the main vacuum chamber through the second window. The pseudo speckle pattern generator includes a controller, a light source, a beam expander, a spatial light modulator, and a lens. The controller sets a modulation distribution of the spatial light modulator based on a two-dimensional pseudo random number pattern.