Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a translucent polycrystalline material with optical properties continuously varying in the material. A slurry including single crystal grains that are acted upon by a force when placed in a magnetic field is immobilized in a gradient magnetic field with a spatially varying magnetic flux density and then sintered. For example, where a slurry including single crystal grains of YAG doped with Er and single crystal grains of YAG undoped with a rare earth material is immobilized in the gradient magnetic field, the region with a strong magnetic field becomes a laser oscillation region that is rich in Er-doped YAG, whereas the region with a weak magnetic field becomes a translucent region rich in YAG undoped with a rare earth material. A polycrystalline material having a core with laser oscillations and a guide surrounding the core are obtained at once.

Abstract: An antenna array provided with two frames which form waveguides. Each frame includes a plate portion and frame portion. The plate portion includes grooves laid out next to one another. Each groove has an open end and a closed end. The frame portion is arranged adjacent to the plate portion. The frame portion has an opening that opens in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the grooves extend and a direction in which the grooves are laid out. A dielectric substrate is held between the two frames. The dielectric substrate includes an array of feeders and electronic circuits, each circuit having a discrete active element. The circuits are exposed from the opening of either one of the frames. The frames are superimposed with the dielectric substrate so that the grooves form the waveguides. Each circuit is electromagnetically connected to a corresponding one of the waveguides.

Abstract: An antenna array provided with two frames which form waveguides. Each frame includes a plate portion and frame portion. The plate portion includes grooves laid out next to one another. Each groove has an open end and a closed end. The frame portion is arranged adjacent to the plate portion. The frame portion has an opening that opens in a direction perpendicular to a direction in which the grooves extend and a direction in which the grooves are laid out. A dielectric substrate is held between the two frames. The dielectric substrate includes an array of feeders and electronic circuits, each circuit having a discrete active element. The circuits are exposed from the opening of either one of the frames. The frames are superimposed with the dielectric substrate so that the grooves form the waveguides. Each circuit is electromagnetically connected to a corresponding one of the waveguides.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electromagnetic wave/particle beam spectroscopic instrument that is not easily deteriorated in spectroscopic capability, and is resistant to electromagnetic noise, vibrations, heavy sound, heat and specific particle beams of interest, particle beams other than electromagnetic waves, electric noise due to electromagnetic waves, mechanical destruction, and recoiling of solid constituent atoms and is also more resistant to radiation exposure on the detection means than the conventional energy resolving technologies.