Abstract: A procedure performed by a network node of providing an Ambient IoT service (AIS) is described. The procedure includes a network node receiving an API request from an application server to perform a procedure with one or more ambient IoT devices. The request may include a time duration. The network node invokes a UDM service UDM to check application servicer authorization to perform the procedure. The network node determines at least an AMF identity. The network node invokes an AMF service requesting the AMF initiate a procedure with one or more ambient IoT devices. A response is received from the AMF including at least one identifier of an Ambient IoT device. The network nodes sends a response to the application server, the response including the at least one identifier of an Ambient IoT device.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise transmitting a first negotiation message to an AP and receiving a second negotiation message from the AP. The first negotiation message and the second negotiation message may negotiate a block acknowledgement agreement. The method may further comprise receiving a data unit, from the AP, the data unit having a duration field indicating a duration of a block-ACK frame. The duration of the block-ACK frame may be determined based on the negotiated block ACK agreement. A block-ACK frame may be transmitted within the duration indicated by the duration field.

Abstract: A first policy control function (PCF) in a first network node may receive an indication from a session management function (SMF) that a protocol data unit (PDU) session is an alternative PDU session, and an indication of whether the PDU session is in a drop state. The first PCF may send a message with an indication to a second PCF in a second network node to indicate that the network node is serving a PDU session that is an alternative PDU session. In an example, the message with an indication to the second PCF may also identify the PDU session. The first PCF may receive a message from the second PCF with an indication that a second PDU session has experienced a fault or degraded performance. Further, the first PCF may send a message to the SMF to change the PDU session to a no-drop state.

Abstract: One or more systems, devices, and/or methods may address approaches and use techniques described herein to onboard a device when the device does not have a predetermined home network. The device may indicate, explicitly or implicitly, that it does not have a home network to an onboarding network. The onboarding network may authenticate the device, then provide the device with a provisioning server address. The onboarding network may initiate a unified data management service, and provide the provisioning server with a temporary identifier for the device. The device may establish a connection with the provisioning server, and provide the temporary credentials to the device. The device may use the temporary credentials to register with the onboarding network.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for privacy enhancement are provided herein. A method performed by a station, STA (201), may include transmitting, to an access point, AP (202), a first frame including information indicating that the STA (201) will use an over-the-air medium access control, otaMAC, address for a frame sent to the AP (202). The method may further include generating (210) a second frame for transmission to the AP (202) including a network MAC, nMAC, address of the STA (201), encrypting (211) the generated second frame, and replacing (212) the nMAC address with an otaMAC address either during the encryption or after the encryption. The method may further include transmitting (213) the encrypted second frame, including the otaMAC, to the AP (202), such that the AP (202) may replace (214) the otaMAC address with the nMAC address and decrypt (215) the second frame for forwarding via a distribution system, DS (203).

Abstract: A Sensing Operation Management Function (SOMF) may comprise a processor and memory, and may be configured to receive a request message. The request message may comprise a requested sensing mechanism and a quality of service (QoS) requirement. The processor and memory of the SOMF may be configured to determine coordination information based on the requested sensing mechanism and the QoS requirement. The coordination information may be associated with one or more base stations and/or one or more wireless transmit receive units (WTRUs) to be used for performing a sensing operation. The processor and memory of the SOMF may be configured to send a sensing request message to the one or more base stations and/or the one or more WTRU. The sensing request message may comprise a sensing area for the WTRU or base station information when the sensing request message is sent to the one or more WTRUs.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), of receiving a mobile terminated (MT) transmission using an ambient Internet of Things (IOT) service (AIS) is described. The method includes the WTRU receiving an activation signal from a radio access network (RAN) node and harvesting energy. The WTRU determines a format of the received activation signal and based on the format of the activation signal, determines to begin an MT Data procedure with the network. The WTRU receives system information broadcasted by the RAN node and determines to continue the MT data procedure with the network. The WTRU transmits a MT data request message to the RAN node; and receives a MT data container message from the RAN node. The MT data request may include an RRC part and NAS part. The MT data request may include a device identifier and an AIS ID.

Abstract: An embodiment of a method for implementing by a Wireless Transmit-Receive Unit (WTRU) includes receiving, from a Primary Mobile Network (PMN), information related to a Secondary Mobile Network (SMN), selecting the PMN in response to the information related to the SMN, registering to the selected PMN, and, in response to a trigger, and based on a factor related to Quality of Service (QoS) and on the information related to the SMN, requesting establishment of a Multi-Access Protocol Data Unit (MA-PDU) session having DualSteer functionality and with an access leg over the registered PMN and with another access leg.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are described for supporting a two-stage device-to-device (D2D) discovery using a D2D interworking function (IWF). A D2D IWF component may be configured to perform mapping between an application running on an application server and a third generation partnership project (3GPP) network, and provide a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to allow discovery to be provided as a service to D2D applications. An application identifier may be mapped to a 3GPP identifier. Further, a method and apparatus are described for performing client-server discovery. A first wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured for a listen-only operation, and a second WTRU may be configured to transmit beacons. The first and second WTRUs may perform a radio access network (RAN) discovery procedure at an access stratum (AS) layer. A method and apparatus for performing charging for D2D service using a D2D IWF are also described.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided to implement scheduling for device-to-device (D2D). A WTRU (e.g., a D2D WTRU) may determine whether the WTRU has D2D data to transmit. The WTRU may determine a set of allowed SA resources and/or allowed D2D data resources for transmission of the SA. The WTRU may select an SA resource and/or D2D data resources (e.g., from the set of allowed SA resources and/or D2D data resources) for transmission. The WTRU may select one or more transmission parameters. The WTRU may select one or more transmission patterns. The WTRU may transmit D2D data over the set of allowed D2D resources using the selected transmission patterns and according to the selected transmission parameters.

Abstract: Device, systems, and/or techniques for using sub-channel signaling information between an access point and a first station are disclosed. In one aspect, a method performed by a station (STA) includes: receiving, from a neighboring STA in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS), a physical (PHY) layer preamble that includes a signal field indicating a plurality of sub-bands and associated power thresholds for Uplink Orthogonal Frequency-Divisional Multiple Access (UL OFDMA) transmission, that are available for OBSS spatial reuse (SR) by the STA; and sending, to an AP with which the STA is associated, an UL OFDMA transmission using a sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands and an associated power threshold indicated in the signal field. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive one or more slot timing values for transmission of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) information bits using first time and frequency resources. The WTRU may be configured to receive configuration information indicating second time and frequency resources for transmission of HARQ-ACK. The configuration information may indicate a set of sequences. The WTRU may be configured to transmit based on HARQ-ACK feedback to be reported for the downlink signals one or more of a first sequence of the set of sequences using the second time and frequency resources, a second sequence of the set of sequences using the second time and frequency resources, or at least one indication of an acknowledgment and at least one indication of a negative acknowledgment using the first time and frequency resources.

Abstract: Methods to perform, maintain and report measurements on a transmission-reception point (TRP) using limited reference signal transmission are described herein. The mobility measurement reports may utilize physical channels. Methods to obtain measurements on neighbor TRPs using limited RS transmissions are also described herein. Random-Access procedures to enable the addition of a neighbor TRP or handover without requiring higher layer signaling (and possibly without an interface between source and target TRP) are also described herein. New triggers to perform RA in order to decrease handover latency are also described herein. Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU) behavior upon receiving RAR from multiple possible TRPs are also described herein. For example, a WTRU may store RAR information and use it later in an interrupted RA procedure.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include a transceiver and a processor. The WTRU may be configured to receive one or more downlink signals. The WTRU may be configured to receive configuration information indicating time and frequency resources for transmission of hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK). The configuration information may indicate a first sequence. The WTRU may be configured to determine a set of sequences to be used in response to the receipt of the one or more downlink signals. The set of sequences may be determined based on the indicated first sequence. The WTRU may be configured to send a second sequence from the set of sequences in the time and frequency resources to indicate HARQ-ACK. The second sequence may be selected based on a number of physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) monitoring occasions associated with the indicated HARQ-ACK.

Abstract: A method performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may include receiving a configuration message including timing information for monitoring at least a subset of a plurality of beams to receive a set of synchronization signals and receiving the set of synchronization signals based on the timing information. The received set of synchronization signals include a primary synchronization signal and a secondary synchronization signal. The method may include receiving a reference signal along with a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) transmission. The reference signal comprises a sequence that is derived from an index associated with one of the at least the subset of beams and associated with the received set of synchronization signals. The method may include transmitting a random access channel (RACH) transmission. The RACH transmission includes a preamble sequence corresponding to the one of the subset of the plurality of beams.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive a physical control channel transmission including control information for a data transmission. The WTRU may determine between a first type of waveform and a second type of waveform for the data transmission based on at least a format of the control information. Further, the WTRU may transmit the data transmission using the determined type of waveform. In an example, the type of waveform is further determined based on indication information included in the physical control channel transmission. Also, the first type of waveform may be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform and the second type of waveform is a discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) waveform. Moreover, the determination between the first type of waveform and the second type of waveform may be further based on an indication to use the DFT-S-OFDM waveform.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for chained and delayed wake-up. For example, a station (STA) may determine, at the formation of a group of STAs, a common service period for the group. The STA may determine a deferral time for a first STA of the group. The deferral time may indicate when the first STA wakes up to receive a wake-up packet. The STA may receive, from an access point (AP), during a service period in which the STA acts as a head node for communication with the AP, a wake-up packet addressed to the first STA. The STA may transmit, based on a determination that the deferral time associated with the wake-up packet addressed to the first STA ends after the service period in which the STA acts as a head node, a wake-up command that includes the wake-up packet addressed to the first STA.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are disclosed for enabling communications in a wireless local area network (WLAN). A wireless transmit and receive unit (WTRU) may receive, from an access point (AP), a management frame comprising capability information. The capability information may comprise an indication of support for reception via non-contiguous channels. The WTRU may transmit, on a condition that reception via non-contiguous channels is supported, at least one data packet, to the AP, via multiple non-contiguous channels. The multiple non-contiguous channels may be used simultaneously.

Abstract: A target wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may determine a signal quality of a received sidelink positioning reference signal (SL-PRS) from each anchor WTRU of a sidelink positioning group. The target WTRU may determine whether the sidelink positioning group is suitable for sidelink positioning, for example based on whether a number of anchor WTRUs of the sidelink positioning group that are suitable for sidelink positioning exceeds a threshold value. The target WTRU may determine a position of the target WTRU, for example using the sidelink positioning group based on the number of anchor WTRUs of the sidelink positioning group that are suitable for sidelink positioning exceeding the threshold value.

Abstract: A wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive configuration information comprising an indication of a first control channel monitoring configuration, a second control channel monitoring configuration, and a threshold value. The WTRU may monitor for control channel transmissions in accordance with the first control channel monitoring configuration. The WTRU may receive a first set of one or more protocol data units (PDUs). The WTRU may determine that at least one PDU remained in an application buffer for a period of time that is greater than the threshold value, or a remaining delay budget associated with the first set of one or more PDUs is less than a threshold. The WTRU may monitor for control channel transmissions in accordance with the second control channel monitoring configuration. The WTRU may transmit an indication that the WTRU has switched to the second control channel monitoring pattern.