Abstract: An intravenous system is provided which includes a source of intravenous fluid, a needle or catheter for insertion into the vascular system of a patient, a pump for pumping the intravenous fluid via the needle or catheter into the patient and catheters coupling the pump to the source and to the needle. The pump includes an arrangement to terminate pumping upon an opening upon one of the catheters to ambient atmosphere. A flow control is provided in at least one of the catheters to prevent movement of air through the corresponding catheters into the patient.

Abstract: An endosteal tooth in one form is made of an electrically conductive material and is provided with an implant (e.g., lower) socket portion and a removably mounted crown (e.g., upper) portion which houses therein a source of electrical current for the implant socket portion. By supplying electrical current or voltage to the implant socket portion, which is embedded in bone in the region of the implantation, the growth of bone is induced and the prevention of infection provided. The rate of growth of the bone and the type of bone growth can be controlled by the amount of current supplied to the implant socket portion. In one embodiment of the invention, the source of electrical current is housed in the crown portion of the tooth which is replaced with a final crown after the growth of bone has been completed. In another form of the invention, the source of electrical current is supplied externally of the tooth.