Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring biological samples. The apparatus comprises an incubator within which are mounted at least two CCD mini-cameras adapted for photomicroscopy as mini-photomicroscopes. The apparatus may be configured for time-lapse photomicroscopy, transmission photomicroscopy, reflection photomicroscopy, epifluorescence photomicroscopy, or infrared photomicroscopy. 3D images are acquired by focusing the mini-photomicroscopes on successive focal image planes in the biological samples. The mini-photomicroscopes may be focused on separate samples, on different portions of the same sample, or on the same portion of the same sample.

Abstract: A device for controlled freezing and warming of a biological sample, and freezing and thawing protocols for which the device is well suited. The device establishes a laterally varying thermal gradient and provides a mechanism for moving the sample along the thermal gradient at a controlled rate of speed. The sample is moved along the thermal gradient at a rate of speed that provides a variable cooling rate or a variable warming rate in accordance with the appropriate protocol. The device also allows continuous seeding of the sample through the freezing process at the exact freezing point of the solution. Real time monitoring and video imaging of the freezing process enable fine tuning of the thermodynamic parameters for improved control.