Abstract: Quantum key distribution device includes a transmitter, including a light source, a first polarization controller, a phase modulator and an optical attenuator, all connected in series using a first optical fiber; a receiver, including a second polarization controller, a second phase modulator, a third polarization controller, a beamsplitter, and two single photon detectors, all connected in series using a second optical fiber; and a communication channel providing a light path from the transmitter to the receiver. The first and/or second optical fiber is a polarization maintaining fiber. The first and second phase modulators are actively controlled Pockels cell crystals, lithium niobate crystals or gallium arsenide crystals. The polarization controllers include a piezo-driven fiber compression device, a Pockels cell controller, a piezo-driven fiber twist device, or a non-linear optical crystal. The first and third polarization controllers use a ?/2 plate, or 45° fiber splice polarizer.