Abstract: A powder coating composition comprises a component (A) containing carboxylic acid or anhydride functionality and a component (B) containing hydroxy functionality. The components (A) and (B) are both solids at temperatures up to 50.degree. C. and at least one of them is a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature in the range 0.degree. to 120.degree. C. The carboxylic acid or anhydride-functional component (A) is a compound or polymer containing at least two cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups per molecule or is a compound containing a moiety of the formula: ##STR1## where X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or a cyclic anhydride thereof. The hydroxy-functional component (B) contains at least two hydroxy groups per molecule and contains at least one amine group in its molecule to catalyze the reaction of the carboxylic acid or anhydride groups of component (A) with the hydroxy groups of component (B).

Abstract: A process of applying a coating composition to an underwater surface to inhibit fouling by marine organisms which includes(A) a curable polyorganosiloxane,(B) a curing agent capable of curing the polyorganosiloxane (A) to a silicone elastomer,(C) a polyisocyanate, and(D) either(D.1) a compound having more than one active hydrogen group capable of reacting with the polyisocyanate (C) to form a polyurethane, polyurea or poly(urethane-urea) or(D.2) a compound hydrolysable to (D.1).

Abstract: A boat hull or part thereof produced by applying layers of curable resin to a mould or former and curing the resin in the mould or on the former. A layer of a non-biocidal antifouling material is applied to the mould, or to the outermost layer of resin if using a former, so that the non-biocidal antifouling material forms the outermost layer of the boat hull. A non-biocidal antifouling material used as the outermost underwater surface of a boat hull has fine grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull. The grooves can be formed by applying the non-biocidal antifouling material to a grooved mould when using the process described above. Alternatively the underwater surface of a boat hull can be clad with a grooved non-biocidal antifouling material.

Abstract: A powder coating composition comprises a component (A) containing carboxylic acid or anhydride functionality and a component (B) containing hydroxy functionality. The components (A) and (B) are both solids at temperatures up to 50.degree. C. and at least one of them is a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature in the range 0.degree. to 120.degree. C. The carboxylic acid or anhydride-functional component (A) is a compound or polymer containing at least two cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups per molecule or is a compound containing a moiety of the formula: ##STR1## where X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or a cyclic anhydride thereof. The hydroxy-functional component (B) contains at least two hydroxy groups per molecule and contains at least one amine group in its molecule to catalyze the reaction of the carboxylic acid or anhydride groups of component (A) with the hydroxy groups of component (B).

Abstract: A coating composition comprising an anhydride polymer (A) containing at least two cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride functional groups and a polymer (B) containing at least two functional groups reactive with anhydride groups and selected from hydroxyalkylamino, hydroxyalkoxyalkylamino, hydroxysubstituted acyloxyalkylamino, hydroxysubstituted polyacyloxyalkylamino, mercaptoalkylamino and oxazolidino groups. One of the polymers (A) and (B) comprises at least one flexible polymer chain selected from polyether, polyester, silicone, diene polymer, hydrogenated diene polymer, polyurethane, polyisobutylene and polyacrylate chains. The functional groups characteristic of that polymer are each present as a terminal group at the end of a flexible polymer chain.

Abstract: A pail body having a longitudinal axis and an open end has an end wall fitted in the open end, said fitting involving outward bending of a flange at the open end of the pail body and interengagement of this body flange with a flange on the end wall introduced into the open end of the pail body. A region of the pail body adjacent the body flange is formed so that it is outwardly inclined with respect to the axis of the pail body at a small angle (e.g. from 4.degree. to 12.degree.), said angle corresponding to the angle of taper on a tapering rim part on the end wall introduced into the open end of said pail body, thus promoting close contact between said body region with said tapering rim part.

Abstract: External rust-staining, for example at the exterior of buildings or on the superstructure or topside of ships, caused by rust dripping onto a surface is inhibited by painting the surface with a top-coat paint comprising a film-forming binder and a substance capable of reacting with rust to form a colorless material. The said substance can for example be a polyphosphonate salt pigment, an oxalate or a glass releasing phosphate ions.

Abstract: The rim of a pail body is provided with a compound curl for reception of a lid. The compound curl comprises an upper region extending away from the wall of the pail body on its outside, a lower region extending from the outer periphery of the said upper region towards the wall of the pail body and a rim edge part which extends from the inner periphery of the said lower region away from the wall of the pail body and is intermediate the said upper and lower regions whereby a lid applied over the rim with the central part thereof located within said rim can be clamped onto the said compound curl to form a seam therewith. The said lower region and the said rim edge part constitute a smaller pre-curl within the compound curl, the rim edge being spaced below the said upper region so that in clamping on the lid, a region of the said rim edge part is brought into supporting engagement with the said upper region.

Abstract: An anti-fouling marine paint comprises a pigment, a marine biocide which may or may not be identical to the pigment and a film-forming binder which is a hydrolysable polymer which contains units of the formula: ##STR1## and can be obtained by polymerisation of an alpha-aryl alkyl ester having the formula: ##STR2## where R is an alpha, beta-unsaturated organic group, each Ar independently is an aryl group and R' is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group.

Abstract: A pigment dispersant is derived from a compound of molecular weight less than 600 which contains at least three functional groups, at least one of which is an epoxy group. Preferably the compound contains at least three epoxy groups, for example triglycidyl isocyanurate. The core radical derived from the said compound is bonded to more than one solvent-compatible organic radical of molecular weight at least 200, the average molecular weight of the solvent-compatible radicals being at least 500, and to a pigment-compatible radical containing a polar group.

Abstract: A marine anti-fouling paint which is gradually dissolved in sea water comprises a binder which is a resin produced by the reaction of rosin and an aliphatic polyamine containing at least one primary or secondary amine group. The resin contains an amidoamine or imidazoline group. The anti-fouling paint comprises the binder, a marine biocide and a pigment having a solubility in sea water of not more than 10 parts per million by weight. The pigment may itself be the marine biocide of the paint.

Abstract: A marine anti-fouling paint capable of becoming smoother in use on a ship's hull moving through sea water comprises an effective amount of marine biocide and, as the film-forming binder, a polymer containing diorganotin moities linked to the polymer by carboxylate linkages. The binder is preferably a copolymer of units of a diorganotin salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid of the formula: ##STR1## where R' is an olefinically unsaturated group, each group R is a monovalent organic radical linked to the tin atom by a carbon-tin bond and X represents an electronegative group linked to the tin atom by an atom other than carbon, together with units of at least one olefinically unsaturated comonomer.

Abstract: A heat curable water dispersible film-forming synthetic resin useful in aqueous coating compositions for coating metal substrates, particularly cans used for food and beverages, comprises the reaction product of a water insoluble phenolic resin or a water insoluble amino resin with an epoxy resin and a phosphoric acid.

Abstract: An anti-corrosive coating composition includes an anti-corrosive pigment component comprising (a) a salt comprising a polyvalent metal cation and an organic polyphosphonic acid containing at least 2 phosphonic acid groups and (b) a corrosion passivator capable of modifying the metal oxide film on the metal to be protected to render it more protective. The ratio of the polyphosphonate salt (a) to the passivator (b) in the coating composition is 1:1 to 50:1 by weight.

Abstract: An anti-corrosive coating composition includes as an anti-corrosive pigment dispersed in a film-forming binder a salt of a polyvalent metal cation and an organic polyphosphonic acid containing at least 2 phosphonic acid groups. The ratio of polyvalent metal cations to phosphonate groups in the salt is at least 0.8/n:1, where n is the valency of the polyvalent metal ion.

Abstract: A coating composition comprises a hydroxy component having at least two free hydroxyl groups per molecule and an anhydride component which is a polymer-containing cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride groups derived from an olefinically unsaturated cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride, the two components being packaged separately during storage of the composition and being compatible on mixing. At least one of the components is a film-forming polymer. The composition includes a catalytically effective amount of amine groups for accelerating the curing reaction between the hydroxyl groups and the anhydride groups. The amine groups are present in the molecule of the hydroxy component or in a separate amine compound. The hydroxy component is preferably a film-forming acrylic copolymer having pendent hydroxyl and dialkyl-amino-alkyl groups. The composition is particularly useful as a glossy pigmented coating for rigid substrates such as vehicle bodies where hardening of the coating at ambient temperature is required.

Abstract: A water dispersible coating composition is prepared by reacting together at elevated temperature in the presence of an amine 40 to 90% by weight of an epoxy resin composition of average epoxy functionality 1.0 to 2.0 epoxide groups per molecule and 10 to 60% by weight of a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups. The ratio of carboxylic acid groups to epoxide groups is 1.5:1 to 20:1. The reaction is carried out in a mixture of a water miscible organic solvent with 5 to 30% of water based on the combined weight of epoxy resin and polymer containing carboxylic acids groups. A coating composition in the form of a stable dispersion is produced by mixing the water dispersible coating composition prepared as described above with a base and sufficient water to form a predominantly aqueous continuous phase.

Abstract: A marine paint capable of becoming smoother in relatively moving sea-water comprises a film-forming copolymer and a metalliferous pigment which is sparingly soluble in sea-water. The copolymer comprises 20-80 percent by weight of units of a quinolinyl or substituted quinolinyl ester of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid with the balance of the copolymer being units of at least one olefinically unsaturated comonomer or comprises 10 to 80 percent by weight of (a) units of a quinolinyl or substituted quinolinyl ester of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, up to 60 percent by weight of (b) units of a triorgano tin salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, with (a) and (b) together forming 20 to 80 percent by weight of the copolymer, and the balance of the copolymer being units of at least one olefinically unsaturated comonomer.

Abstract: A marine paint capable of becoming smoother in relatively moving sea water and having no or a low content of organotin comprises a film-forming acrylic polymer and a metalliferous pigment which is sparingly soluble in seawater. The acrylic polymer comprises 20-100 percent by weight of monomer units (A) selected from methyl acrylate and ethyl acrylate units, 0-45 percent by weight of monomer units (B) of a triorganotin salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid and 0-80 percent by weight of monomer units (C) which are alkyl methacrylate units having 1-4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group or styrene units. Monomer units (A), (B) and (C) form at least 80 percent by weight of the acrylic polymer; the balance of the polymer if any comprises units of at least one other olefinically unsaturated comonomer.

Abstract: A coating composition comprises a water dilutable dispersion of (a) the reaction product of an epoxy resin with a primary or secondary amine and (b) a polymer containing free carboxyl groups. The epoxy resin and amine are preferably reacted in an organic solvent and a solution of the reaction product is mixed with a solution of the carboxyl-containing polymer (b) in an amount sufficient to provide an excess of free carboxyl groups over the amine groups in the epoxy resin reaction product (a). The coating composition is preferably applied to a substrate in the form of an aqueous dispersion in which (a) and (b) are held in stable dispersion by a base such as ammonia or an amine.