Abstract: A powder coating composition comprises a component (A) containing carboxylic acid or anhydride functionality and a component (B) containing hydroxy functionality. The components (A) and (B) are both solids at temperatures up to 50.degree. C. and at least one of them is a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature in the range 0.degree. to 120.degree. C. The carboxylic acid or anhydride-functional component (A) is a compound or polymer containing at least two cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups per molecule or is a compound containing a moiety of the formula: ##STR1## where X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or a cyclic anhydride thereof. The hydroxy-functional component (B) contains at least two hydroxy groups per molecule and contains at least one amine group in its molecule to catalyze the reaction of the carboxylic acid or anhydride groups of component (A) with the hydroxy groups of component (B).

Abstract: A process of applying a coating composition to an underwater surface to inhibit fouling by marine organisms which includes(A) a curable polyorganosiloxane,(B) a curing agent capable of curing the polyorganosiloxane (A) to a silicone elastomer,(C) a polyisocyanate, and(D) either(D.1) a compound having more than one active hydrogen group capable of reacting with the polyisocyanate (C) to form a polyurethane, polyurea or poly(urethane-urea) or(D.2) a compound hydrolysable to (D.1).

Abstract: A boat hull or part thereof produced by applying layers of curable resin to a mould or former and curing the resin in the mould or on the former. A layer of a non-biocidal antifouling material is applied to the mould, or to the outermost layer of resin if using a former, so that the non-biocidal antifouling material forms the outermost layer of the boat hull. A non-biocidal antifouling material used as the outermost underwater surface of a boat hull has fine grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the hull. The grooves can be formed by applying the non-biocidal antifouling material to a grooved mould when using the process described above. Alternatively the underwater surface of a boat hull can be clad with a grooved non-biocidal antifouling material.

Abstract: A powder coating composition comprises a component (A) containing carboxylic acid or anhydride functionality and a component (B) containing hydroxy functionality. The components (A) and (B) are both solids at temperatures up to 50.degree. C. and at least one of them is a synthetic resin having a glass transition temperature in the range 0.degree. to 120.degree. C. The carboxylic acid or anhydride-functional component (A) is a compound or polymer containing at least two cyclic carboxylic anhydride groups per molecule or is a compound containing a moiety of the formula: ##STR1## where X is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, or a cyclic anhydride thereof. The hydroxy-functional component (B) contains at least two hydroxy groups per molecule and contains at least one amine group in its molecule to catalyze the reaction of the carboxylic acid or anhydride groups of component (A) with the hydroxy groups of component (B).

Abstract: A coating composition comprising an anhydride polymer (A) containing at least two cyclic carboxylic acid anhydride functional groups and a polymer (B) containing at least two functional groups reactive with anhydride groups and selected from hydroxyalkylamino, hydroxyalkoxyalkylamino, hydroxysubstituted acyloxyalkylamino, hydroxysubstituted polyacyloxyalkylamino, mercaptoalkylamino and oxazolidino groups. One of the polymers (A) and (B) comprises at least one flexible polymer chain selected from polyether, polyester, silicone, diene polymer, hydrogenated diene polymer, polyurethane, polyisobutylene and polyacrylate chains. The functional groups characteristic of that polymer are each present as a terminal group at the end of a flexible polymer chain.

Abstract: External rust-staining, for example at the exterior of buildings or on the superstructure or topside of ships, caused by rust dripping onto a surface is inhibited by painting the surface with a top-coat paint comprising a film-forming binder and a substance capable of reacting with rust to form a colorless material. The said substance can for example be a polyphosphonate salt pigment, an oxalate or a glass releasing phosphate ions.

Abstract: An anti-fouling marine paint comprises a pigment, a marine biocide which may or may not be identical to the pigment and a film-forming binder which is a hydrolysable polymer which contains units of the formula: ##STR1## and can be obtained by polymerisation of an alpha-aryl alkyl ester having the formula: ##STR2## where R is an alpha, beta-unsaturated organic group, each Ar independently is an aryl group and R' is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or aryl group.

Abstract: A pigment dispersant is derived from a compound of molecular weight less than 600 which contains at least three functional groups, at least one of which is an epoxy group. Preferably the compound contains at least three epoxy groups, for example triglycidyl isocyanurate. The core radical derived from the said compound is bonded to more than one solvent-compatible organic radical of molecular weight at least 200, the average molecular weight of the solvent-compatible radicals being at least 500, and to a pigment-compatible radical containing a polar group.

Abstract: A marine anti-fouling paint which is gradually dissolved in sea water comprises a binder which is a resin produced by the reaction of rosin and an aliphatic polyamine containing at least one primary or secondary amine group. The resin contains an amidoamine or imidazoline group. The anti-fouling paint comprises the binder, a marine biocide and a pigment having a solubility in sea water of not more than 10 parts per million by weight. The pigment may itself be the marine biocide of the paint.

Abstract: A marine anti-fouling paint capable of becoming smoother in use on a ship's hull moving through sea water comprises an effective amount of marine biocide and, as the film-forming binder, a polymer containing diorganotin moities linked to the polymer by carboxylate linkages. The binder is preferably a copolymer of units of a diorganotin salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid of the formula: ##STR1## where R' is an olefinically unsaturated group, each group R is a monovalent organic radical linked to the tin atom by a carbon-tin bond and X represents an electronegative group linked to the tin atom by an atom other than carbon, together with units of at least one olefinically unsaturated comonomer.

Abstract: A heat curable water dispersible film-forming synthetic resin useful in aqueous coating compositions for coating metal substrates, particularly cans used for food and beverages, comprises the reaction product of a water insoluble phenolic resin or a water insoluble amino resin with an epoxy resin and a phosphoric acid.

Abstract: An anti-corrosive coating composition includes as an anti-corrosive pigment dispersed in a film-forming binder a salt of a polyvalent metal cation and an organic polyphosphonic acid containing at least 2 phosphonic acid groups. The ratio of polyvalent metal cations to phosphonate groups in the salt is at least 0.8/n:1, where n is the valency of the polyvalent metal ion.

Abstract: A water dispersible coating composition is prepared by reacting together at elevated temperature in the presence of an amine 40 to 90% by weight of an epoxy resin composition of average epoxy functionality 1.0 to 2.0 epoxide groups per molecule and 10 to 60% by weight of a polymer containing carboxylic acid groups. The ratio of carboxylic acid groups to epoxide groups is 1.5:1 to 20:1. The reaction is carried out in a mixture of a water miscible organic solvent with 5 to 30% of water based on the combined weight of epoxy resin and polymer containing carboxylic acids groups. A coating composition in the form of a stable dispersion is produced by mixing the water dispersible coating composition prepared as described above with a base and sufficient water to form a predominantly aqueous continuous phase.

Abstract: A marine paint capable of becoming smoother in relatively moving sea-water comprises a film-forming copolymer and a metalliferous pigment which is sparingly soluble in sea-water. The copolymer comprises 20-80 percent by weight of units of a quinolinyl or substituted quinolinyl ester of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid with the balance of the copolymer being units of at least one olefinically unsaturated comonomer or comprises 10 to 80 percent by weight of (a) units of a quinolinyl or substituted quinolinyl ester of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, up to 60 percent by weight of (b) units of a triorgano tin salt of an olefinically unsaturated carboxylic acid, with (a) and (b) together forming 20 to 80 percent by weight of the copolymer, and the balance of the copolymer being units of at least one olefinically unsaturated comonomer.